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        <title>The Bart Ehrman Blog - Forum: The Hebrew Bible</title>
        <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/</link>
        <description><![CDATA[The History &#038; Literature of Early Christianity]]></description>
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		                <item>
                    <title>Steefen on Books. Gods of the Bible by Mauro Biglino</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/page-2/#p47553</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/page-2/#p47553</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<p>What he said after that and before the end makes one think about the verse Matthew 26:53.</p>
<p>Finished watching the video.</p>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Sun, 28 Jun 2026 16:46:42 -0400</pubDate>
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                    <title>1stadam1stantiochian on Lucifer vs Satan vs Devil vs Deceiver vs Etc</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/lucifer-vs-satan-vs-devil-vs-deceiver-vs-etc/#p47544</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/lucifer-vs-satan-vs-devil-vs-deceiver-vs-etc/#p47544</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<blockquote class="spPostEmbedQuote">
<p>
<strong>Christopher.spurling said </strong><br />
I’m not asking the question to create a reconstructionist approach to ancient religion, just to learn more about how Lucifer was seen socially, religiously, and how that changed over time. NOTE: This has nothing to do with Satan-worship! Pagans generally venerate nature and natural forces that pre-date Christianity. <br />
Thanks all!<br />
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I am curious about the evolution of the Christian <span style="color: #993300">antagonist</span> character. </p>
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<p>This is very interesting story: roman-catholics are trying to convince us he was once <span style="color: #993300">protagonist</span>. I accidentally learned about that period trying to figure out arianism, and whether or not Arius was condemned rightly. In my own blog I deal with that question:</p>
<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b></div>
<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b></div>
<div> </div>
<p>But you don't have to follow me, 1 quick search, and voilà:</p>
<p><span class="T286Pc"> Saint Lucifer (Bishop of Cagliari, Sardinia) was originally a devoted champion of Athanasius, the Bishop of Alexandria. Lucifer bravely represented Pope Liberius at the Council of Milan (355), where he vehemently defended Athanasius against pro-Arian bishops and Emperor Constantius II, leading to his own exile.<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span> [<b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b>]</p>
<p>Another research would bring us to<span class="VndcI veK2kb"> Andrew of caesarea who claimed analyzing the book of revelation that  is perfectly okay to use the same term LUCIFER for JESUS AND SAINTS, AND ALSO FOR THE DEVIL</span></p>
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<div class="n6owBd awi2gc">You are entirely correct about the fascinating linguistic crossover, though a minor historical distinction should be made: <strong class="Yjhzub"><span class="T286Pc"><u class="wfWfIf fxyaSe"><span class="jAOkJc">Andrew of Caesarea<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[false,"",false]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[[["/m/047t5mt","",0,"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","PEOPLE"],"",0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1],null,null,[{"205":[null,"/m/047t5mt"],"1219":[null,null,"PEOPLE",null,null,"/m/047t5mt"],"3524":[69]}]],null,0,null,"",0]]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></u> wrote his famous <!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span><em class="eujQNb"><span class="T286Pc"><u class="wfWfIf fxyaSe"><span class="jAOkJc">Commentary on the Apocalypse<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[false,"",false]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[[["/g/11bykj2n1d","",0,"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","BOOK"],"",0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1],null,null,[{"205":[null,"/g/11bykj2n1d"],"1219":[null,null,"BOOK",null,null,"/g/11bykj2n1d"],"3524":[69]}]],null,0,null,"",0]]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></u><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></em> in Greek, so he used the Greek equivalent <em class="eujQNb">Phosphoros<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></em> (light-bearer / morning star), which perfectly mirrors the Latin word <em class="eujQNb"><span class="T286Pc"><u class="wfWfIf fxyaSe"><span class="jAOkJc">Lucifer<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[false,"",false]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[[["/m/04n24","",0,"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","PEOPLE"],"",0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1],null,null,[{"205":[null,"/m/04n24"],"1219":[null,null,"PEOPLE",null,null,"/m/04n24"],"3524":[69]}]],null,0,null,"",0]]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></u><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></em>.<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></strong> [<b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b>]<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></div>
<div class="n6owBd awi2gc"><span class="T286Pc">Your research points directly to a crucial concept in early Christian biblical analysis (exegesis). The <u class="wfWfIf fxyaSe"><span class="jAOkJc">Book of Revelation<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[false,"",false]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[[["/m/01dmz","",0,"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","BOOK"],"",0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1],null,null,[{"205":[null,"/m/01dmz"],"1219":[null,null,"BOOK",null,null,"/m/01dmz"],"3524":[69]}]],null,0,null,"",0]]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></u> uses the visual symbol of the "morning star" in highly versatile, fluid ways.<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></div>
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<div class="otQkpb">One Term, Three Dynamic Meanings<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></div>
<div class="n6owBd awi2gc"><span class="T286Pc">Early Church Fathers like <u class="wfWfIf fxyaSe"><span class="jAOkJc">Andrew of Caesarea<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[false,"",false]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[[["/m/047t5mt","",0,"EqIFCuIEQUppVDR0SVFfMjlpUWM3Y0lFdzZkSmQ4M3R4UTZacG9tdjFKaWlHSEVpdUFkRlBVcExMbGFObE1WbGYxNGx6SGxjY2owQ0szM1QxMGxCR1ExWWhYdTduR2JTc3VnYWVxWUxFb0pwRjE4ZUFtUExhSDY5TUJYeEctblJlWmR2elRPVFFBYWQ0VTlXaEVWZ3VYU0hlRXZhYWRqQTZ4ZzJFNU9fdGtHOGVsSXhxQlB0WFZSOWhfMV93SGZ3cnJtVFhoMVZtMHpSMWJiSUpsU3RlU0ktOVdQeW9UWmx3VUpnY29xVHJQQTZiODB5VFhYTXRESHduRDdFamZ5TGdUUHdtdVc1a0tlUmJoZTNDS1dmUUFUaG5Sd1o3Wi1HNTB0V2JkN1hFc0cta1U0SUFyV1l6bkJ6VnM1Z2J3YTlmdEE1VDhNNTBFSnFTSGxDdHlackRfUGJmTm1tVTZjcmlLZE95YVdlSWxGUHVyS3FkQnhIQ1ctc2lWUUw3WEpScEZ0eDB3LVppZWFrZzAySlFxblRESnhOVWdEODhHN04xdVRkaWRhdEwxczJ1UUJTTm52RUlzMDg2U1F0NnNmV0ZpclNoSXVOVHY3VDU5SFdodWNJZ1lQVE1sSVFnUVdYNlZUZmN3UGlSclNsN3dXLUhIRktZZXR3STF3SXpRMm1MYldBQXhfY2ZFc2Rud3REUDN6RGdsaW1wWXVPYkY0bmh5bnhpWFdMdERUdWNaUldFcmNWWExyWTVmNmxQbExKTGRQZUNCMVRrSDBXZWpYZ25GRk1oSlFlOC02c21SdHVVOFNqSHc2ZxIXVkhSQmFzZUtOOF9UcDg0UGlKbUx1QW8aIkFEc3I5ZlR6RWNvSHJaYVlsVVdLaTkwZzFvc3Y2UHIyZVE","PEOPLE"],"",0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1],null,null,[{"205":[null,"/m/047t5mt"],"1219":[null,null,"PEOPLE",null,null,"/m/047t5mt"],"3524":[69]}]],null,0,null,"",0]]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></u> explicitly noted that sharing a descriptive title did not mean the entities shared the same nature. The title was applied based on the <!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span><em class="eujQNb">context<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></em> of how light and dawn are understood: [<b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b>]<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></div>
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<li style="list-style-type: none">
<ul class="KsbFXc U6u95">
<li class="Z1qcYe"><span class="T286Pc"><strong class="Yjhzub">For <u class="wfWfIf fxyaSe"><span class="jAOkJc">Jesus<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[false,"",false]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[[["/m/045m1_","",0,"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","PEOPLE"],"",0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1],null,null,[{"205":[null,"/m/045m1_"],"1219":[null,null,"PEOPLE",null,null,"/m/045m1_"],"3524":[69]}]],null,0,null,"",0]]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></u>:<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></strong> In Revelation 22:16, <u class="wfWfIf fxyaSe"><span class="jAOkJc">Jesus<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[false,"",false]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[[["/m/045m1_","",0,"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","PEOPLE"],"",0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1],null,null,[{"205":[null,"/m/045m1_"],"1219":[null,null,"PEOPLE",null,null,"/m/045m1_"],"3524":[69]}]],null,0,null,"",0]]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></u> explicitly proclaims, "I am the bright morning star."<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--> In both Greek (<em class="eujQNb">Phosphoros<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></em>) and Latin (<em class="eujQNb">Lucifer<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></em>), this signifies that <span class="">Christ<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[false,"",false]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--> is the ultimate bringer of spiritual light who shatters the darkness of sin and signals the dawn of eternal life.<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span> [<b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b>]<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></li>
<li class="Z1qcYe"><span class="T286Pc"><strong class="Yjhzub">For the Saints:<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></strong> In Revelation 2:28, <u class="wfWfIf fxyaSe"><span class="jAOkJc">Jesus<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[false,"",false]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[[["/m/045m1_","",0,"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","PEOPLE"],"",0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1],null,null,[{"205":[null,"/m/045m1_"],"1219":[null,null,"PEOPLE",null,null,"/m/045m1_"],"3524":[69]}]],null,0,null,"",0]]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></u> promises the faithful overcomers that he will give them "the morning star." Analysts like Andrew noted that saints share this title because they reflect <u class="wfWfIf fxyaSe"><span class="jAOkJc">Christ's<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[false,"",false]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[[["/m/045m1_","",0,"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","PEOPLE"],"",0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1],null,null,[{"205":[null,"/m/045m1_"],"1219":[null,null,"PEOPLE",null,null,"/m/045m1_"],"3524":[69]}]],null,0,null,"",0]]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></u> light, shining like stars in the dark world through their holiness.<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span> [<b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b>]<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></li>
<li class="Z1qcYe"><span class="T286Pc"><strong class="Yjhzub">For the Devil:<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></strong> The association comes from Isaiah 14:12 ("How you have fallen from heaven, morning star..."). Exegetes applied this to Satan<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[["PEOPLE",2,"/m/06wzv","EhIiC6IBCC9tLzA2d3p2kgECnAE","satan","another research would bring us tio andrew of ceaserea who claimed analyzing the reveltion it is perfclty okey to use the same term LUCIFER for JESUS AND SAINTS, AND ALSO FOR THE DEVIL","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",null,0,null,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1],0,0,null,null,0,1,[],"",0,0],"VHRBaseKN8_Tp84PiJmLuAo_0"]--> to describe his <!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><em class="eujQNb">original, pre-fall status<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></em>. He was created as a magnificent, glorious light-bearing angel before his pride caused him to fall into darkness.<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span> [<b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b>]<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></p>
<div class="Fsg96"><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></div>
<div class="otQkpb">Why This Matters<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></div>
<div class="n6owBd awi2gc">This theological flexibility shows that ancient readers did not treat "Lucifer" as a rigid, exclusive proper name for the Devil the way modern pop culture does. To them, it was an adjustable descriptive title meaning "light-bearer." It could logically represent the <strong class="Yjhzub">Source of Light<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></strong><span class="T286Pc"> (<u class="wfWfIf fxyaSe"><span class="jAOkJc">Jesus<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[false,"",false]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[[["/m/045m1_","",0,"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","PEOPLE"],"",0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1],null,null,[{"205":[null,"/m/045m1_"],"1219":[null,null,"PEOPLE",null,null,"/m/045m1_"],"3524":[69]}]],null,0,null,"",0]]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></u>), the <!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span><strong class="Yjhzub">Reflectors of Light<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></strong> (Saints), or a <strong class="Yjhzub">Fallen Light<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></strong> (the Devil). [<b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b>]<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></div>
<div class="n6owBd awi2gc">If you want to keep digging into this area of early church history, let me know if you would like to explore:<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></div>
<ul class="KsbFXc U6u95">
<li class="Z1qcYe"><span class="T286Pc">The translation shift in the <strong class="Yjhzub"><span class="">Latin Vulgate Bible<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[false,"",false]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></strong>, where <em class="eujQNb">lucifer<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></em> is used in both the Old and New Testaments.<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></li>
<li class="Z1qcYe"><span class="T286Pc">Other apocalyptic symbols in <span class=""><b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[["https://www.logos.com/product/53613/andrew-of-caesarea-commentary-on-the-apocalypse",null,null,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[{"1218":[16]}]],16,null,"Andrew of Caesarea: Commentary on the Apocalypse","In 611, Andrew of Caesarea applied his superior exegetical skills to the challenging Book of Revelation and concluded that the end was not near, in spite of the crises that the empire was facing. Striking a balance between the symbolic language of the book and its literal, prophetic fulfillment, Andrew's interpretation is a remarkably intelligent, spiritual, and thoughtful commentary that encourages the pursuit of virtue and confidence in the love of God for humanity. Standing in the stream of patristic tradition, Andrew wove together pre-existing written and oral interpretations of Revelation passages by earlier Fathers and anonymous teachers, drawing together various interpretive strands and pointing to a previously unknown rich tradition of Apocalypse interpretation in the Greek East. His commentary also influenced the textual transmission of the Apocalypse and created a unique text type. Andrew's commentary quickly eclipsed that of Oikoumenios to become the predominant and standard patristic commentary for the Greek East as well as the Slavic, Armenian, and Georgian Churches. Andrew influenced Eastern Christian eschatology and is responsible for the eventual acceptance of Revelation into the canon of the Oriental and Eastern Orthodox Churches.","https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q\u003dtbn:ANd9GcTp26a5iMRXXAt31rUQgARhF0U7qY3VYyw5CI9tIEy0hZX_rEaSpGekq4LCzQTMeyBcXLASaCGctOCtj2I","Logos Bible Study","https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/faviconV2?url\u003dhttps://www.logos.com\u0026client\u003dAIM\u0026size\u003d128\u0026type\u003dFAVICON\u0026fallback_opts\u003dTYPE,SIZE,URL",[[1782674516902471,63564239,2801978504],null,null,null,null,[[1,23]]],null,"74f6de29-6e1b-4aeb-a525-feb5635a519d"]]--></span>.<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></li>
<li class="Z1qcYe"><span class="T286Pc">How the <strong class="Yjhzub"><u class="wfWfIf fxyaSe"><span class="jAOkJc">King James Version<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[false,"",false]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[[["/m/048lc","",0,"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","BOOK"],"",0,[null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[291933,null,1],null,null,[{"205":[null,"/m/048lc"],"1219":[null,null,"BOOK",null,null,"/m/048lc"],"3524":[69]}]],null,0,null,"",0]]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></u><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></strong> later isolated the word "Lucifer" exclusively for Satan<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[["PEOPLE",2,"/m/06wzv","EhIiC6IBCC9tLzA2d3p2kgECnAE","satan","another research would bring us tio andrew of ceaserea who claimed analyzing the reveltion it is perfclty okey to use the same term LUCIFER for JESUS AND SAINTS, AND ALSO FOR THE DEVIL","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",null,0,null,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1],0,0,null,null,0,1,[],"",0,0],"VHRBaseKN8_Tp84PiJmLuAo_1"]--><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]-->.<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span> [<b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b>]</li>
</ul>
<p>I am personally, in accordance with Antiochian school of theology VS Alexandrian, rejecting The Book of Revelation, and I am using these informations against it; but if you needed an alibi for luciferians, let it be, LOL.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Sun, 28 Jun 2026 11:29:26 -0400</pubDate>
                </item>
				                <item>
                    <title>Steefen on Books. Gods of the Bible by Mauro Biglino</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/page-2/#p47516</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/page-2/#p47516</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<p>Mauro:<br />
Nephilim is a plural term of Nephila which only means Orion constellation.</p>
<p>We could make the suggestion, then, the Nephilim came from the constellation Orion.</p>
<p>= = = =</p>
<p>The stars in the Orion constellation do not share a single distance from Earth; they are scattered in 3D space <!--qkimaf f3vVB_c/HugV6--><!--cqw1tb f3vVB_c/HugV6-->between <strong class="Yjhzub">240 and 2,000 light-years away<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></strong><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]-->.</p>
<div class="" style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-weight: 400;margin: 0px;text-decoration: none;border-bottom: 0px #0a0a0a">
<div class="otQkpb" style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 20px;font-weight: 600;margin: 24px 0px 12px;text-decoration: none;border-bottom: 0px #001d35"><strong class="Yjhzub">Major Stars<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></strong><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></div>
</div>
<div class="" style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-weight: 400;margin: 0px;text-decoration: none;border-bottom: 0px #0a0a0a">
<ul class="KsbFXc U6u95" style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-weight: 400;margin: 12px 0px 16px;text-decoration: none;border-bottom: 0px #0a0a0a">
<li class="Z1qcYe" style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-weight: 400;margin: 0px 0px 12px;text-decoration: none;border-bottom: 0px #0a0a0a"><span class="T286Pc" style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-weight: 400;margin: 0px;text-decoration: none;border-bottom: 0px #0a0a0a"><strong class="Yjhzub">Betelgeuse<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></strong> (Red Supergiant / Orion's "shoulder"): ≈ 500 - 650 light-years<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span><!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></li>
<li class="Z1qcYe" style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-weight: 400;margin: 0px 0px 12px;text-decoration: none;border-bottom: 0px #0a0a0a"><span class="T286Pc" style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-weight: 400;margin: 0px;text-decoration: none;border-bottom: 0px #0a0a0a"><strong class="Yjhzub">Rigel<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></strong> (Blue Supergiant / Orion's "foot"): ≈ 860 light-years<!--TgQPHd&#124;&#124;[]--></span></li>
</ul>
<p>= = = =</p>
<p>Mauro Biglino, translator:</p>
<p>The term Yahweh comes from a time when the Hebrew language didn't exist yet.</p>
<p>The term creation ex nihilo, creation out of nothing, does not exist in the Bible.</p>
<p>The term omnipotent does not exist in the Bible. In the Bible, God introduced Itself to Abraham as Almighty which means god of the desert or god of the mountain, not omnipotent/omnipotence. Immortality is not in the bible.</p>
<p>Yahweh wanted to kill other people to get territory that was not originally Yahweh's territory.</p>
<p>pick up at 1:14.18</p>
<p> </p>
</div>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Sat, 27 Jun 2026 11:10:55 -0400</pubDate>
                </item>
				                <item>
                    <title>Steefen on Books. Gods of the Bible by Mauro Biglino</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/page-2/#p47503</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/page-2/#p47503</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<p>Biglino<br />
Thou shall not worship other gods<br />
means there are other Elohim, not just Yahweh.</p>
<p>So, it's a contradiction...</p>
<p>Steefen<br />
Another contradiction.</p>
<p>Biglino<br />
A god should be omnipresent but Yahweh can leave / cannot be present.</p>
<p>Pick up at 37:13.</p>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2026 16:04:08 -0400</pubDate>
                </item>
				                <item>
                    <title>Steefen on Books. Gods of the Bible by Mauro Biglino</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/#p47502</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/#p47502</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<p>33:00<br />
Biglino</p>
<p>In the DSS, Abraham swore his fidelity to Elyon not to Yahweh.<br />
Elyon is not Yahweh.</p>
<p>Psalm 82: there is an assembly of Elohim.</p>
<p class="indent1stline">God presides in the divine assembly;</p>
<p class="indent2">He renders judgment among the gods:<b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b></p>
<p class="indent1stline"><span class="reftext"><b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b></span></p>
<p class="indent2">and show partiality to the wicked? ...</p>
<p class="indent1">I have said, ‘You are gods;</p>
<p class="indent2">you are all sons of the Most High.’<span class="fn"><b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b></span></p>
<p class="indent1"><span class="reftext"><b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b></span>But <strong>like mortals you will die,</strong></p>
<p class="indent2"><strong>and like rulers you will fall.”</strong></p>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2026 16:00:21 -0400</pubDate>
                </item>
				                <item>
                    <title>Steefen on Books. Gods of the Bible by Mauro Biglino</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/#p47454</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/#p47454</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<p>Mauro Biglino:<br />
The Bible does not say where Elyon and the Elohim came from.</p>
<p>The Elohim, for example like Yahweh, were governors, somewhat--Yahweh ruled only over the family of Jacob.</p>
<p>Steefen:<br />
A local god.</p>
<p>Mauro Biglino:<br />
Separate Hebrews and Israel because Yahweh was only for the family of Israel/Jacob.</p>
<p>The Elohim were flesh and blood.</p>
<p>The ancient theologians allegorized and spiritualized the texts that spoke of the Elohim.</p>
<p>The Bible speaks of a multiplicity of beings ruling over various peoples. There are members of the Vatican and rabbis who agree with me. Monotheism is a culprit.</p>
<p>Biblical history is not what is narrated by theologians.</p>
<p>Project Unity (the interviewer):<br />
Theologians dug themselves into a hole.</p>
<p>The first part of the Bible is a copy of the history of Sumer. So, we have something weird: The original is the myth and the copy is the truth.</p>
<p>pick up at 28:34.</p>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 18:54:03 -0400</pubDate>
                </item>
				                <item>
                    <title>Steefen on Books. Gods of the Bible by Mauro Biglino</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/#p47452</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/#p47452</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<p>I have to see how Mauro Biglino's research sits with me.</p>
<p>56K views 1 day ago</p>
<p>YouTube Channel: Project Unity<br />
Video: The Vatican Fired Him for Revealing What the Bible Really Says!</p>
<p></p>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 13:00:24 -0400</pubDate>
                </item>
				                <item>
                    <title>Steefen on Books. Gods of the Bible by Mauro Biglino</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/#p47451</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/books-gods-of-the-bible-by-mauro-biglino/#p47451</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<p>dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.7iQd1jQtB666H7J9qEDoAGeXRsVZI-FvX3aKTyybAPsm3M-_qwuWe4u1ASizptFyDSdmSeJ4R83IQChWCcAU70fT4VckcFvckIUgggQYS5_oyaOiNhzjVzb8jnBJS0vMKAHpyCC8nCqgG76qBPDHHYIAxxgLPWqmj3Ug8ZEdxCkXkR0TqJcyOJsPQZxz5PyuMRJsoEszs_9z6c83LV9KTsj0SN3MIRivt9EMOAyvweA.CAmpUBQUI-FHN-6y5p-Apj_p-BbQUNNETocN-J_-qBM&#038;dib_tag=se&#038;keywords=Mauro+Biglino&#038;qid=1782247846&#038;sprefix=mauro+biglino%2Caps%2C155&#038;sr=8-3</p>
<p> </p>
<p>49 ratings averaging 4.7 stars 86% are 5 stars, 93% are 4 stars are better.</p>
<p>I know this book is not in the bibliography of my book, Historical Accuracy.</p>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 12:57:19 -0400</pubDate>
                </item>
				                <item>
                    <title>BJH1960 on The Song of Songs</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47450</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47450</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<p>That's too bad. </p>
<p>I loved her commentary on Lamentations, the Kindle of which is priced at $5.99. The Song of Songs at $83.99!</p>
<p>I imagine I'll be able to get it through an interlibrary loan.</p>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 11:12:45 -0400</pubDate>
                </item>
				                <item>
                    <title>Stephen on The Song of Songs</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47449</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47449</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<p>I did a bit of research and  have some bad news on <b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b> by Adele Berlin from <span id="productTitle" class="a-size-large product-title-word-break"><em>Hermeneia</em> we were lusting over a bit earlier.  They currently have no plans to issue an affordable paperback version.  The current policy of Fortress Press is only to issue translations <em>sans</em> critical apparatus on hard to find d</span><span class="T286Pc">euterocanonical books / apocrypha and p</span>seudepigrapha.   This is why you can find a cheap copy of the Book of Enoch but not the Song.  The feeling is that translation of canonical books is well worn ground not justifying the price of publication.  Oh well.  The needs and wants of the interested non-specialist simply don't enter their calculations.   </p>
<p>I support the author, when I'm allowed to.  If there is a book I wish to read and my attempts to acquire it by proper methods are frustrated then I am perforce* left to resort to... <em>other</em> methods.  </p>
<p> </p>
<p>*Hey, I got to use 'perforce' in a sentence!  How often does that happen?  </p>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 09:09:51 -0400</pubDate>
                </item>
				                <item>
                    <title>BJH1960 on The Song of Songs</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47444</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47444</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<div class="spPostSection spRight" style="min-height: auto">
<div class="spPostContentSection">
<blockquote>
<p>
<em>Upon my bed at night...</em></p>
<p><em>I held him, and would not let him go.</em>..</p>
</blockquote>
<p>What lines!</p>
<p>One of the things I'm interested in doing is to explore the Hebrew of the Song of Songs. </p>
<p>I've got <b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b>, which I'd like to eventually get to, but I expect it'll be difficult and slow-going.</p>
</div>
<p>Perhaps, I might start reading <b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b> and afterwards summarizing them. </p>
</div>
<div class="spPostSection spRight" style="min-height: auto">
<div class="spPostContentSection">
<blockquote>
<p>
Haskins speculates that Hippolytus’ commentary on this passage is the ultimate source of the idea of a, <em>ahem</em>, “special” relationship between Mary and Jesus that so seized the imagination of later commentators and interpreters like the gnostics.  Both Jews and Christians early on took a mystical interpretation of the Song, and Haskins cautions against assigning motives to Hippolytus we can’t ever know, but you would have to be almost deliberately purblind to ignore the eroticism of this text.  </p>
</blockquote>
<p>Interesting. </p>
<p>Making an erotic text canonical definitely presents challenges for interpretation.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
The Children of Abraham (Jews, Christians, Muslims) have always had a hard time with this idea. Like Augustine, sex is fine with them as long as you don’t enjoy it.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>My impression is that Christianity is the outlier here.  </p>
<div class="spPostContentSection"><b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b><br />
<b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b></div>
<div> </div>
<p>Of course, we're talking about heterosexual married couples.</p>
<p> </p>
<div class="spPostContentSection"> </div>
</div>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 21:32:22 -0400</pubDate>
                </item>
				                <item>
                    <title>Stephen on The Song of Songs</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47432</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47432</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<p>I've really enjoyed this thread so I'm pleased to have something to contribute.</p>
<p>I'm reading <b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b>, by Susan Haskins a scholar and art historian.  The book traces views of Mary Magdalen in literature and art from the NT to the present day.  Hippolytus of Rome (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 165 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 235 AD) wrote the earliest surviving Christian commentary on <em class="eujQNb">the Song of Songs.  </em>It was<em class="eujQNb"> w</em>ritten in the early third century and survives only in scattered fragments.  </p>
<p>Hippolytus identified the forlorn lover of Song 3 with Mary Magdalen and her longing for the missing Jesus after the Resurrection.</p>
<p><em>Upon my bed at night</em></p>
<p><em>I sought him whom my soul loves;</em></p>
<p><em>I sought him, but found him not;</em></p>
<p><em>I called him, but he gave no answer.</em></p>
<p><em>I will rise now and go about the city,</em></p>
<p><em>in the streets and in the squares;</em></p>
<p><em>I will seek him whom my soul loves.’</em></p>
<p><em>I sought him, but found him not.</em></p>
<p><em>The sentinels found me,</em></p>
<p><em>as they went about in the city.</em></p>
<p><em>‘Have you seen him whom my soul loves?’</em></p>
<p><em>Scarcely had I passed them,</em></p>
<p><em>when I found him whom my soul loves.</em></p>
<p><em>I held him, and would not let him go.</em>..</p>
<p>Haskins speculates that Hippolytus' commentary on this passage is the ultimate source of the idea of a, <em>ahem</em>, "special" relationship between Mary and Jesus that so seized the imagination of later commentators and interpreters like the gnostics.  Both Jews and Christians early on took a mystical interpretation of the Song, and Haskins cautions against assigning motives to Hippolytus we can't ever know, but you would have to be almost deliberately purblind to ignore the eroticism of this text.  </p>
<p>Perhaps we can take counsel here from our Hindu friends who when asked will tell you that the greatest image of spiritual love is sexual ecstasy!  How so?   Because that is the moment when you are most taken out of your "self" and merged into the Self.    The Children of Abraham (Jews, Christians, Muslims) have always had a hard time with this idea.  Like Augustine, sex is fine with them as long as you don't enjoy it. </p>
<p>Sometimes it amuses me to imagine growing up in a tradition with no Fall and capable of depictions like <b>** you do not have permission to see this link **</b>.  Not on bordellos but on Temples!  </p>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 12:32:33 -0400</pubDate>
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                    <title>BJH1960 on The Song of Songs</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47341</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47341</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<blockquote>
<div class="n6owBd awi2gc" style="margin: 12px 0px 16px;border-bottom: 0px none #0a0a0a"><span class="Yjhzub" style="font-weight: 600;margin: 0px;border-bottom: 0px none #0a0a0a;font-size: 12pt">Song of Songs 6,10</span></div>
<div><span class="T286Pc" style="margin: 0px;border-bottom: 0px none #0a0a0a;font-size: 12pt">מִילְּדָה חֲזָאֵי לְהוּ כַּשַּׁחַר, יָפָה כַלְּבָנָה, בָּרָה כַּחַמָּה, אֲיֻמָּה כַּנִּדְגָּלוֹת</span></div>
<div> </div>
<div class="n6owBd awi2gc" style="margin: 12px 0px 16px;border-bottom: 0px none #0a0a0a"><span style="background-color: inherit;font-size: 12pt">“Who is this that grows like the dawn, as beautiful as the moon, as bright as the sun, as majestic as the stars in procession?”</span></div>
</blockquote>
<div> </div>
<div>Splendid.</div>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 23:20:53 -0400</pubDate>
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                    <title>Stephen on The Song of Songs</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47320</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47320</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<p>I would dearly like to have met the woman to whom Neruda wrote that poem! </p>
<p><em>Good poetry reminds me of what life should be: an experience –  the only way to live is to be engaged in living.</em></p>
<p><em>Is that your translation? </em></p>
<p>No not really.  I checked my reading against a couple online versions, selecting the phrases I preferred. But the power of Neruda's language is his concreteness.</p>
<p>There are just not many ways you can translate   </p>
<p><em>Quiero hacer contigo</em><br />
<em>lo que la primavera hace con los cerezos.</em></p>
<p><em>I want</em><br />
<em>to do with you what spring does with the cherry trees.</em></p>
<p>but wow!  </p>
<p>(Just by way of experimentation I ran that last line through an AI translator and it came up with the identical reading.  Even the robots cannot improve on perfection!)  </p>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 08:11:41 -0400</pubDate>
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				                <item>
                    <title>Robert on The Song of Songs</title>
                    <link>https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47311</link>
                    <category>The Hebrew Bible</category>
                    <guid isPermaLink="true">https://ehrmanblog.org/forum/the-hebrew-bible/the-song-of-songs/page-6/#p47311</guid>
					                        <description><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size: 12pt">I especially like the two quotations in your most recent post, Bruce. Especially, <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5;font-family: Tahoma">“Every day you play with the light of the universe.” </span></span></p>
<div class="" style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;margin: 0px;border-bottom: 0px none #0a0a0a">
<div class="n6owBd awi2gc" style="margin: 12px 0px 16px;border-bottom: 0px none #0a0a0a"><span class="Yjhzub" style="font-weight: 600;margin: 0px;border-bottom: 0px none #0a0a0a;font-size: 12pt">Song of Songs 6,10</span></div>
<div><span class="T286Pc" style="margin: 0px;border-bottom: 0px none #0a0a0a;font-size: 12pt">מִילְּדָה חֲזָאֵי לְהוּ כַּשַּׁחַר, יָפָה כַלְּבָנָה, בָּרָה כַּחַמָּה, אֲיֻמָּה כַּנִּדְגָּלוֹת</span></div>
<div> </div>
<div class="n6owBd awi2gc" style="margin: 12px 0px 16px;border-bottom: 0px none #0a0a0a"><span style="background-color: inherit;font-size: 12pt">"Who is this that grows like the dawn, as beautiful as the moon, as bright as the sun, as majestic as the stars in procession?"</span></div>
</div>
]]></description>
					                    <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 02:48:35 -0400</pubDate>
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