As everyone knows there are numerous disparate, and often contradictory interpretations of the Bible in Christianity(Calvinism vs Arminianism, Universalism vs Annihilationism vs ECT, etc). For Christians this has been a long and sometimes bloody process of arguing which one is “correct”. For secularists there is an easier answer. That the Bible is not a unified work of theology from one mind, but a collection of literature written over a period of a thousand years by dozens if not hundreds of people with different theological viewpoints.

I am curious, has there been much work from a secular viewpoint to identify different schools of thought in Bible writers that contributed to these modern interpretations?  For example, that the reason Calvin was able to find ideas about the elect or predestination in the Bible was because there were Bible writers who clearly believed and espoused this. Who can I read to get more background on this?