Knohl

I have rejected the reading suggested by Prof. Hendel for the third word on line 80 for two reasons:

1) The last letter in this word cannot be tav. Nowhere in the text of the Gabriel Revelation, is the letter tav written in this form (see the table in Yardeni and Elitzur article in Cathedra 123, p. 164). However, we can point to several cases where the letter heh is written in similar form to the shape of last letter of the third word of line 80: See the shape of the letter heh in the word “elohim” in line 11 and the form of the heh in the word “haot” in line 17.

2) The syntax of the sentence suggested by Hendel “lishloshet yamin haot” is very difficult: We should expect to find a verb before the word “haot.” However, the sentence which is formed with my reading: “lishloshet yamin haye” is fluent and is very similar to the form of the sentence “lishloshet yamin teda” in line 19.

In sum, I may quote the words of Dr. Ada Yardeni, the premier expert in the script of the period, which were published on the BAR Web site: “I came to the conclusion that the reading suggested by Professor Knohl for the third word in line 80—haye, ‘live’—seems to be the only plausible reading of that word.”

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Steefen

Join me as I join the position of the Biblical Archaeological Society which has not re-opened the issue since the above exchange, September 24, 2008. 

In sum, I may quote the words of Dr. Ada Yardeni, the premier expert in the script of the period, which were published on the BAR Web site: “I came to the conclusion that the reading suggested by Professor Knohl for the third word in line 80—haye, ‘live’—seems to be the only plausible reading of that word.”

The Gabriel’s Revelation stone is like a Dead Sea Scroll written on a stone. The video says both the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Gabriel’s Revelation stone both originate from the shores of the Dead Sea.

Those doing the writing (same writing style/method as per the documentary), is most likely done by the same community.

In this context, the Gabriel Stone could have a reference to resurrection via the word “Live!”

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is Gabriel mentioned in the Dead Sea Scrolls?
No, but one writer called Gabriel’s Revelation “The Dead Sea Stone.”
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Let’s look at the introductory paragraph to “A Messianic Apocalypse” (4Q521) as it appears in the Penguin Classics / Geza Vermes translation.

“As in the Gospels, healing and resurrection are linked to the idea of the Kingdom of God. Line 12 furnishes the most explicit evidence concerning the raising of the dead.” p. 412

The verses of this section do not speak of Gabriel helping with resurrecting people. [In fact, Gabriel does not show up in the Index, but Michael does.]

When we turn to “The Heavenly Prince Melchizedek” (11Q13), the introductory paragraphs, the angel Michael is mentioned:
“The heavenly delivery is Melchizedek. Identical with the archangel Michael, he is the head of the ‘sons of Heaven’ or ‘gods of Justice’ and he is referred to as elohim and el. … Here Melchizedek [/Michael] is portrayed as presiding over the final Judgement…”

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There also is not a mention of a three-day resurrection or a resurrection after three days.

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New Testament concepts of resurrection of people is not unique to Paul and Jesus.

Fragment 7 of (4Q521) includes: “… the Life-giver will raise the dead of His people.”

The Dead Sea Scrolls are thought to have been hidden in caves to prevent their destruction during the First Jewish-Roman War. If this is true, they pre-date the writing of the gospels. The content of the “Dead Sea Stone” (with additional reasons for being dated to the late first century BCE / early first century CE) also predates the writing of the gospels and the time period of the historical fiction character, Jesus.

Daniel Chapter 9
24Seventy weeks are decreed for your people and your holy city to stop their transgression, to put an end to sin, to make atonement for iniquity, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy, and to anoint the Most Holy Place. 25Know and understand this: From the issuing of the decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem, until the Messiah, the Prince, there will be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will be rebuilt with streets and a trench, but in times of distress. 26Then after the sixty-two weeks, the Messiah will be cut off and will have nothing. Then the people of the prince who is to come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. The end will come like a flood, and until the end there will be war; desolations have been decreed.…

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Christians accept Daniel’s prophecy of the 70-weeks because the prophetic events fit Jesus’ life so well. In general, people understand the 70-weeks prophecy to be literally foretelling of the Messiah. There are three primary reasons why Christians take the view that Jesus fulfilled this prophecy literally.

First and foremost, the prophecy reveals that the Messiah would be killed at Jerusalem.

Second, the prophecy reveals that the Messiah had to appear at Jerusalem before its destruction. Jerusalem was destroyed in the year 70 CE, which fits Jesus’ lifetime.

Third, the purpose of the 70-weeks prophecy as described by verse 24 is mirrored by the basic teachings of the New Testament. Many Christians take the view that verse 24 is a summary of the gospel story, based on the Messiah’s death foretold in verse 26. There is purpose in the Messiah’s death based on what Gabriel foretold.

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In November 1989, more than 35 years after its discovery and more than 25 years after Cross made his astounding declaration, this text, along with others from Cave 4 on the book of Daniel, were finally published. Only a few scraps of fragments from Cave 4, which contain but “five tiny fragments, all from the prayer in chapter 9 but none with more than one complete word” (Ulrich 1989:3), remain to be published (i.e., the fragments of the scroll designated 4QDane).

The fragments of the Daniel scrolls from Cave 4 were assigned for publication to Cross (Cross 1956:86) as long ago as 1951 (Benoit 1956:76). He was a member of the original group of editors of the Dead Sea scrolls appointed in 1953 (Shanks 1989c:18). But some time ago Cross entrusted the Daniel materials from Cave 4 to Eugene Ulrich of the University of Notre Dame (Shanks 1989a:57), a former student of his. In 1987 Ulrich published the materials from one scroll of Cave 4, namely, 4QDana. Now he has published the materials of the two other major scrolls, 4QDanb and 4QDanc.

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Zodiac Calendars and Angelic Teaching in the Dead Sea Scrolls

By: Helen R. Jacobus

One detailed story about the descending angels’ secret arts is described in

The Book of Watchers from 1 Enoch (1 En. 1-36) in Ethiopic, several substantial fragments of which were found in Cave 4. The fragments 4Q201, 4Q202 and 4Q204 contain the story of the rebellion of the Watchers, their names and their skills and the intervention of the four archangels, Michael, Sariel, Raphael and Gabriel, to punish them and bring about the Flood. The earliest fragment, 4Q201, was copied circa 200–150 BCE.

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