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Women and Gender: Early Christianity in a Patriarchal World

Jesus and his earliest followers, including Paul, may have been unusually open  to women playing an important role in the community of the faithful, but it was not long until women's voices and activities came to be suppressed.  It is interesting to see both how that happened, historically, and how some women found alternative ways to find expression for their faith. This is one of the topics I cover in my book After the New Testament (2nd edition; Oxford University Press, 2014).  As I've said, in some ways it may be the most useful book I've published.  It is an anthology of passages from major Christian writings, both proto-orthodox and "heretical" of the second and third centuries, organized thematically, in modern English translations, with introductions both to the themes themselves and to the individual writings. Here is the introduction to the section where I provide excerpts of early Christian writings on women and gender. ****************************** Women played significant roles in the early Christian movement, starting with ministry of Jesus himself.  In Gospel traditions both early and [...]

August Gold Q&A–Get Your Qs In!

I'll be recording another Q&A for all Gold & Platinum members soon, so here's your chance to take advantage of this perk. Send me whatever question has been nagging at you (blog-related, of course!). Short, to-the-point questions of general interest are most likely to get answered. Send an email to Diane at [email protected], and she'll compile all your questions for me. DEADLINE: Please get your question in by Friday the 16th at midnight (whenever midnight is in your time zone).  

2025-09-10T13:08:32-04:00August 5th, 2024|Public Forum|

Competing Interpretations of Scripture in the Early Church

Early Christians interpreted their sacred texts in a variety of ways, some of them a bit bizarre to many modern readers, as I pointed out in my previous post.  Here I discuss two different views of the matter, one by a Gnostic Christian named Ptolemy and the other by the most famous opponent of the Gnostics, Irenaeus. Here are the Introductions to their discussions that I give in my book After the New Testament (2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2014); after the introductions, in the book I give modern English translations of their discussions themselves, one translated from the Coptic and the other from Latin.  If your interest is piqued in what they actually say, and in the dozens of other ancient Christian writings I provide in the book, check it out! ****************************** Ptolemy's Letter to Flora One of the most famous disciples of (the Christian gnostic) Valentinus (see the Gospel of Truth) was Ptolemy, a renowned gnostic teacher who lived in Rome in the mid-second century.  From Ptolemy's own hand comes one of the [...]

Ancient Ways of Interpreting Scripture

Did the earliest Christians interpret texts the way people do today?  I'm not asking if they always had the same interpretation; I'm asking if their approach to and methods of interpretation were the same.  It's a surprising answer.  In particular, the various ways texts got interpreted may not be expected. I deal with it in my book After the New Testament (2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2014), the anthology of early Christian texts that I discussed on the blog a week or so ago. The book presents modern translations of Christian writings from right after the New Testament roughly up to the conversion of Constantine (so, the second and third centuries, 100-300 CE).  I organized them according to topics and for each topic I gave an explanatory introduction, then gave a brief introduction for each of the writings themselves as they occurred. Here is the introduction for the section dealing with how early Christians interpreted the Bible. Text and Meaning:  The Interpretation of Scripture in Early Christianity The Bible was important from [...]

Does Paul Have Contradictory Views of the Law, Love, and Salvation?

In my post yesterday I began talking about Paul's understanding of salvation coming to gentiles without having to keep the Jewish law.  Now I get to the real problem.  Doesn't Paul contradict his own views of the need to keep the law when he talks about the importance of love?  Here's a fairly rough draft of my current thoughts on the matter. ****************************** The animosity between Paul and his missionary opponents was mutual.  His letter responds to their claim that he was a false or ignorant teacher who had willfully and wrongly altered the teachings of Jesus and his original apostles.  The also apparently claimed that Paul’s teaching that “justification” (that is, being right with God) came “apart from the Law,” showed he was proclaiming a “lawless gospel,” encouraging people to live in lawless ways.  The implications were not hard to discern: Paul’s opponents claimed his view sanctioned immoral behavior:  it did not much matter how people lived, so long as they believed in Jesus. Paul countered this claim with equal vehemence, [...]

2025-09-10T13:08:16-04:00August 1st, 2024|Paul and His Letters|
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