Stephen, why do you even bother to bring up scholarly consensus when you feel free to thumb your nose at it on a daily basis?
So what are you saying? That we must either accept the scholarly consensus unreservedly or completely throw it out? Actually I’m not sure the last time I appealed directly to the scholarly consensus. Perhaps you can refresh my memory as to the context. My position seems a pretty standard one. In areas where I’m not qualified to have an opinion (which is a lot) I note the scholarly opinion realizing it is subject to revision. In those few areas where through my study I have enough expertise to actually have an opinion I note when I agree or disagree. I’m not sure what’s so flabbergasting about this approach. I suspect Robert feels the same way.
You have zero evidence for Jesus being arrested at the temple courtyard, and does that deter you one iota? Heaven help anyone who asks you to back that up! It’s just OBVIOUS!
I freely characterized this as a “pet hypothesis” and explained as clearly as I could why I presented it. I don’t have video of course but my surmise is based on the way the gospel writers treat the story and what we do know about the conditions that would have obtained in the Temple. As I’ve said before nothing about this area of study is obvious. It’s certainly not obvious that you read my posts except in the most cursory fashion. On the other hand I think long and hard before I respond to yours. (Sorry thinking is a bad habit and I’ve been at it so long I can’t seem to shake it as this point.)
Why would they bring up John at all in the gospels?
A significant question. There’s clearly some sort of relationship. Having Jesus be baptized by John is an amazing depiction considering that the writers assumed Jesus’ spiritual superiority. Any scholar you ask will tell you that the exact nature of that relationship is occluded to us. Scholars speculate and like Prof Marcus they admit they’re speculating.
…you would have to work damn hard to say there was little or no connection between Jesus and John…
To be such a big literary guy you are a piss poor reader. I didn’t say this at all. I said the presumption that Jesus was John’s chief disciple (Elijah/Elisha) was not born out by the evidence we do have which is very little. As far as we know Jesus might have been baptized and never talked to John again. You simply can’t take everything in the gospels at face value. I’m asking questions here not providing answers. Saying “I don’t know” is not a weakness. You’re not required to fill up all the gaps. There will always be blank spaces on our maps.
…finally having an interesting discussion…
Can’t speak for anyone else but reading you constantly insulting people because they poke holes in your opinions is not very interesting.
…and you’re sulking because you don’t want Jesus to be interesting…
After all this time you still don’t get how stupid you sound when you pretend you can read my mind. I find Jesus one of the most interesting subjects imaginable. But the Jesus I find interesting is the historical Jesus not the Jesus I make up to fit my own needs. And certainly not the Jesus you make up to fill your needs.
Robert wrote
Regardless of whether or not his historical reconstructions are historically accurate, or whether or not John’s actual contextual matrix was Qumran or a somewhat similar apocalyptic perspective, he succeeded better than anyone else I’ve read on the topic.
No doubt about it. He might even be right! It’s a great book and it’ll be hard, perhaps impossible, to top it.
I was much more intrigued by the suggestive similarities between Qumran, the pseudo-Clementine, and the Mandean views of baptism…
I’ve been fascinated by the rite of baptism since I was young stemming mainly from the fact I had a profound “spiritual” experience when I was baptized (rural southern fundamentalist, total immersion of course; sorry to bore you with biography). It was disappointing to find out subsequently how little we know about the history of the practice. Totally absorbed by the Mandeans. I’ve been collecting their literature for years. (For anybody else reading this who doesn’t know about the Mandeans, they’re a contemporary “gnostic” sect in the Middle East who claim a lineage back to John, consider Jesus a Jewish apostate, and perform baptism as a sacrament.)
By the way, I hope I have not offended you by breaking up your post and responding to each part of your post directly.
Nah, makes it more like a conversation. I think godspell wants us to make speeches to each other.

Stephen said
Stephen, why do you even bother to bring up scholarly consensus when you feel free to thumb your nose at it on a daily basis?So what are you saying? That we must either accept the scholarly consensus unreservedly or completely throw it out? Actually I’m not sure the last time I appealed directly to the scholarly consensus. Perhaps you can refresh my memory as to the context. My position seems a pretty standard one. In areas where I’m not qualified to have an opinion (which is a lot) I note the scholarly opinion realizing it is subject to revision. In those few areas where through my study I have enough expertise to actually have an opinion I note when I agree or disagree. I’m not sure what’s so flabbergasting about this approach. I suspect Robert feels the same way.
You have zero evidence for Jesus being arrested at the temple courtyard, and does that deter you one iota? Heaven help anyone who asks you to back that up! It’s just OBVIOUS!
I freely characterized this as a “pet hypothesis” and explained as clearly as I could why I presented it. I don’t have video of course but my surmise is based on the way the gospel writers treat the story and what we do know about the conditions that would have obtained in the Temple. As I’ve said before nothing about this area of study is obvious. It’s certainly not obvious that you read my posts except in the most cursory fashion. On the other hand I think long and hard before I respond to yours. (Sorry thinking is a bad habit and I’ve been at it so long I can’t seem to shake it as this point.)
Why would they bring up John at all in the gospels?
A significant question. There’s clearly some sort of relationship. Having Jesus be baptized by John is an amazing depiction considering that the writers assumed Jesus’ spiritual superiority. Any scholar you ask will tell you that the exact nature of that relationship is occluded to us. Scholars speculate and like Prof Marcus they admit they’re speculating.
…you would have to work damn hard to say there was little or no connection between Jesus and John…
To be such a big literary guy you are a piss poor reader. I didn’t say this at all. I said the presumption that Jesus was John’s chief disciple (Elijah/Elisha) was not born out by the evidence we do have which is very little. As far as we know Jesus might have been baptized and never talked to John again. You simply can’t take everything in the gospels at face value. I’m asking questions here not providing answers. Saying “I don’t know” is not a weakness. You’re not required to fill up all the gaps. There will always be blank spaces on our maps.
…finally having an interesting discussion…
Can’t speak for anyone else but reading you constantly insulting people because they poke holes in your opinions is not very interesting.
…and you’re sulking because you don’t want Jesus to be interesting…
After all this time you still don’t get how stupid you sound when you pretend you can read my mind. I find Jesus one of the most interesting subjects imaginable. But the Jesus I find interesting is the historical Jesus not the Jesus I make up to fit my own needs. And certainly not the Jesus you make up to fill your needs.
And after all this time, you don’t realize what a spoiled child you sound like when someone punctures your ‘pet theories’. Or how inconsistent you are in demanding others substantiate far less controversial assertions, but you can just believe whatever you like.
Nothing here worth responding to. Your contributions to the thread have been largely unintended. 🙂

Stephen said
Robert wroteRegardless of whether or not his historical reconstructions are historically accurate, or whether or not John’s actual contextual matrix was Qumran or a somewhat similar apocalyptic perspective, he succeeded better than anyone else I’ve read on the topic.
No doubt about it. He might even be right! It’s a great book and it’ll be hard, perhaps impossible, to top it.
I was much more intrigued by the suggestive similarities between Qumran, the pseudo-Clementine, and the Mandean views of baptism…
I’ve been fascinated by the rite of baptism since I was young stemming mainly from the fact I had a profound “spiritual” experience when I was baptized (rural southern fundamentalist, total immersion of course; sorry to bore you with biography). It was disappointing to find out subsequently how little we know about the history of the practice. Totally absorbed by the Mandeans. I’ve been collecting their literature for years. (For anybody else reading this who doesn’t know about the Mandeans, they’re a contemporary “gnostic” sect in the Middle East who claim a lineage back to John, consider Jesus a Jewish apostate, and perform baptism as a sacrament.)
By the way, I hope I have not offended you by breaking up your post and responding to each part of your post directly.
Nah, makes it more like a conversation. I think godspell wants us to make speeches to each other.
You do. All the time. And for the record, I don’t want that. At all.

Well, this has been going on a while. And this is not the only ‘discussion’ I’m having online.
But I think I’d have remembered. If you’d been clear.
I think you overestimate your clarity. I do remember you saying you needed to work on your writing skills. Work harder. Real scholars know when it’s time to be a pedant, and when it’s time to be a person.

Okay, let’s think–actually think–about the situation at the time John was arrested and executed.
Antipas has his own army and even conducts his own wars. His soldiers are, basically, mercenaries. They can be any religion or none. He doesn’t care. Very religious Jews probably would no more join his army than the Roman army. He is not trusted by any of the Four Philosophies (as Josephus called them). But he and his family can go on ruling, as long as he has support from Rome, as long as Galilee stays relatively peaceful, and as long as the different groups don’t unite against him.
John isn’t out to become king. He sees himself as following in the path of Elijah. He’s waiting for God to intervene. But as with similar figures in Jewish history before him–like Elijah–he still wants to speak truth to power. And he wants to bring as many as possible over to his way of thinking. But his approach is to let people come to him–hold what we’d now call Tent Revivals. (Only without the tent.) The Jewish religious establishment respects his ardor, his purity–and views him with great nervousness. You never know what such men will do. They feel more at ease when he’s off preaching somewhere else. And the way he dresses. Seriously.
Antipas was, we can be sure, a sucky boss. So the story about soldiers coming to John to complain about their wages rings true. And these were probably mainly less than strictly observant Jews, who took the gig for the money. But since the Herodian army also would have had Samaritans and pagans in it–basically anybody from the general region who’d join up–it’s possible that hearing their Jewish comrades talk about John attracted the interest of non-Jews in that army. I mean, tent revivals are good shows. People often come just for entertainment, and some will actually get religion–that’s kind of the point.
So Antipas has spies in his armed forces–because he’s not stupid–and they report back to him. Now he’s worried John is going to turn his own troops against him, talking about the immoral ways of his family. He’s read the OT, I’d assume. He knows that firebrand prophets can be bad news for Jewish kings. Particularly the ones who are not fully sincere in their faith. (As was probably true of many.)
So all of this tracks. John has to go. Before he gets too many different groups listening to him. Before he can consolidate a power base and mount an insurrection. Whether John intended this or not, this is how any Herodian would interpret it. Any king, really.
He imprisons John–perhaps not intending to kill him. That’s crossing a major red line. Prophets suffer all kinds of misfortune and persecution in the Talmud and other sources–but far as I can see, only Uriah was executed by a Jewish king. (I’m open to correction here).
Uriah was beheaded, in fact. After fleeing to Egypt, then being extradited back. Well, it’s nice to have a precedent. But I’d think Antipas waited a bit, to see if John could be intimidated, brought into the fold. John trusted in his God to protect him, as he believed Elijah has been. (Uriah was minor league.) And I don’t know that he’d have given in, even if he’d believed God would allow his death. There’s no reason to think he wasn’t sincere.
You could almost toy with the notion that the story about Salome and her mother was based on something real. Not the dance thing, but the women in the royal household feeling offended at the insult to their honor, wanting revenge, pressuring Antipas to get rid of him, when he wanted to just leave John in a cell, keep him out of circulation a while. They always sex these things up in scripture, somehow.
But it happened. And it wasn’t supposed to. Jesus would have known, beyond any doubt, that John couldn’t die this way. But he did. It would have shaken his convictions to the core. He starts telling his disciples to stay away from gentile population centers. He cloaks it in vague language about the Kingdom, but we have plenty of evidence he didn’t just travel through heavily Jewish towns–he may actually have left Galilee at points, to get out of Antipas’ sphere of influence. And he keeps meeting non-Jews, and he remembers that John had been willing to talk to them–why shouldn’t he? And they teach him things. His idea of the Kingdom starts to grow. And his idea of the role of a Messiah changes–because it must be God’s plan that John was executed–suppose it’s God’s plan for him as well?
He does what John did, but mainly on a smaller scale, over a wider area, and this means he won’t attract so much attention from Antipas (who is still aware of him as a potential successor to John, but he’s wary of playing out the same scenario again, and Jesus isn’t going after him so directly, in spite of clearly feeling deep animosity towards the family that murdered God’s prophet, the new Elijah.
Here and there, he holds relatively large meetings. But his style is better geared to smaller groups–telling stories–healing people (as Joel Marcus said, Jesus’ gift for faith healing, among other things, may be the reason John gave him so much latitude–and Jesus respected his master by not doing baptisms himself, though his disciples did). He never forgot that Elijah returned, and the powerful did with him as they pleased. He also notes that the Jewish establishment did nothing to protect John, in spite of their guarded respect for him.
So that’s an interesting story. Quibble all you like, but I actually enjoy this. I don’t enjoy endless parsing of isolated quotes. I’m not qualified to be a textual analyst, and neither is anyone who posts here, so count me out of that. I enjoy putting different stories together together, to see how the pieces fit. These fit pretty well. There are other possible combinations.
In their religious mythology the Mandeans have a divine figure named Dinnanukht, described as half-man, half-book, said to sit on the banks of the river that runs between the worlds, reading himself. A very invocative image. As I wrote before they’re a contemporary “gnostic” sect in the Middle East who claim a lineage back to John, consider Jesus a Jewish apostate, and perform baptism as a sacrament. If anyone is curious here is an informative ** you do not have permission to see this link ** managed by Mandeans themselves in the west.
How seriously should we take their claim to go back to John himself? Well interestingly enough we can trace them back to the third century before the trail runs out. They survived by being private and very secretive as you would expect for a community living in areas dominated first by Christians and then Muslims, neither of whom would find their views palatable. Perhaps inevitably they were treated better by the Muslims than the Christians. In the late twentieth century until now they have been especially victimized by Islamist groups and many Mandeans have fled to the relative safety of the West. Here they face other pressures. They’re an ethnic religion, meaning that you can’t convert. You’re either born into it or not. And their youth growing up in the West are distracted by modern culture and understandably enough are more and more separated from the old ways.
They have a large literature and religious scholars in the West have known about them for a long time. But it is extremely difficult to find translations of their works. As the group dwindles there have been attempts to disseminate their work lest it be lost. I have a modern English translation of the GINZA RABBA, “The Holy Treasure”, overseen by the Mandeans themselves, but I had to get it in Germany. I have a copy of their BOOK OF JOHN, containing their traditions about ‘you know who’ but it was in a single volume of a multi-volume set of translations of Gnostic texts done in the 19th century which I just happened to stumble on at an estate sale!
Fascinating stuff, at least to me. Here we get a glimpse through the survival of this sect of an ancient world where literally hundreds of these groups must have flourished and thrived and then passed away, lost to time. Why did the Mandeans survive? Like the question of why of all the various sects in first century Palestine, it was the Jesus movement that mutated into a world religion, perhaps there is no answer.

Fascinating idea, but by that point in time, how far away would this hypothetical surviving remnant of the John Cult in Syria be from the cult First Century Christians were competing with and trying to absorb–to say nothing of the cult Jesus himself was a part of, before forming what Marcus thinks was a sort of expansion franchise?
This begs the question yet again–why did First Century Christians leave us an entire book’s worth of writings, and John’s Cult left us bupkus?
Oh right, because the Jesus cult happened to attract geniuses, and John’s didn’t.
Like this is an answer.
Joel Marcus compares John and Jesus to Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X. That’s probably unfair to John, and Elijah Muhammad wasn’t executed (he may have engineered Malcolm’s assassination) but it captures a point–Jesus was more gifted in some respects. He attracted more gifted people–and he could probably spot them. His movement was more open and adaptable, because he was more open and adaptable. And this tendency survived him, leading to more talented people coming in. And finally, Paul was attracted to them–by way of persecuting them.
But why persecute the Jesus cult, and not John’s? Because John’s cult was still considered orthodox enough to pass muster–Jesus’ cult was increasingly viewed as beyond the pale. And Jesus’ cult was more aggressive in its proselytizing. The John cult wasn’t coming into Jewish towns looking for converts.
But Paul must have been impressed with the Christians he met. And began to feel, on an unconscious level, that he belonged with them. Once the talent pool is widened to include anyone, there are enough people with both the ability and desire to write about Jesus–in Greek. And those books survived.
For all we know, the John cult produced good books–in Aramaic. Which didn’t survive, any more than the hypothetical Aramaic source material that Mark may have drawn upon. A book that isn’t copied is a dead book. And a cult that can’t change with the times…..
I think you mean ‘evocative’?
Oh yes, thanks.
But very unlikely to be directly descended from the original Cult of John.
True but see Robert’s description of Joel Marcus’ view which is very possible. These gnostic groups were extremely syncretic. We can trace the Mandeans back to the third century and we know there were still followers of John in the second, so…it’s just not that big a leap.
But why persecute the Jesus cult, and not John’s?
Well first of all we don’t really know what Paul’s “persecution” actually consisted of. But the answer to this question isn’t that mysterious. John’s movement was widely popular and he was seen as being in the direct lineage of the classic Hebrew prophets. Jesus’ followers were disrupting local synagogues claiming that Jesus, a crucified criminal, was the Jewish Messiah.
Joel Marcus compares John and Jesus to Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X
Weeell… we can intuit that there was some kind of relationship. It also seems pretty clear that Jesus drew some of his followers from John’s movement. But assuming that Jesus was some kind of chief disciple of John goes beyond the evidence. The latter engages in a bit of question begging as well. (The informal logical fallacy not the pretentious euphemism for ‘raising the question’.) It assumes that Jesus was special and that John would have perceived him as special. This is of course the strategy of the gospel writers to rationalize the relationship between Jesus and John.
Oh right, because the Jesus cult happened to attract geniuses, and John’s didn’t
Mocking a point of view is not the same as addressing it. I’m not sure why this is even controversial. If the oral traditions about Jesus had not been committed to writing by a literate strata of followers then Jesus would have gone the way of most of the messiahs and prophets and gurus in the past, lost to history.
One more item about the Mandeans. I found a website devoted to the Gnostic scriptures that have survived to the present and it includes some selections from the ** you do not have permission to see this link **. None of the translations are very recent but it will give anyone interested a flavor of the Mandean “style”. What it reminds me of is the poetry, and especially the so-called “prophetic” works of William Blake. It’s interesting how similar the gnostic imagination was over the centuries. It tended towards the liturgical, poetry and ecstatic speech over historicism or narrative. We’re reminded how lucky we are to have the material we do and invited to consider all that has probably been lost due to suppression or neglect.
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