A good book about the issues around Philippians, chapter 2 is British scholar Ralph Martin’s Carmen Christi: Philippians 2:5-11 in Recent Interpretations and in the Setting of Early Christian Worship. It was originally published in 1967, revised and updated in 1983, and reissued again in 1997 under the title The Hymn of Christ. Used copies are easily obtainable online at the usual outlets.
Martin’s book is a good survey of all the different historical interpretations. I’m sure there are other, more current works available at this point but it’s a great place to start.
Bart does think the earliest disciples believed that the resurrected/exalted Christ had become divine in some sense, but this was not yet an incarnational christology.
If I recall correctly, Bart does acknowledge that the Christ-hymn reflects international christology, but it was some sort of angelic being–not a divine person–who was incarnate.
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