
I have a question pertaining to Hebrews 12:22-23, which says:
“But you have come to Mount Zion, to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem. You have come to myriads of angels in joyful assembly, to the congregation of the firstborn, enrolled in heaven. You have come to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of the righteous made perfect.”
Are the myriads of angels synonymous with the “congregation of the firstborn enrolled in heaven” and the “spirits of the righteous made perfect”? Is this saying that the chosen of God become angels?
Jesus said in Mark 12:25, “When the dead rise, they will neither marry nor be given in marriage. Instead, they will be like the angels in heaven.” We see here that Jesus declares that we will be “like the angels”.
Romans 8:19 says, “The creation waits in eager expectation for the revealing of the sons of God.”
Here again, Paul said that the chosen of God are adopted as sons of God; a title shared by angels.
Along with the belief that Jesus is the Chief Angel of God, and those who believe in him will become “just as he is” in glorified composition, does Hebrews 12:22-23 thus imply that believers become sons of God (angels) just as Jesus is the Son of God?

I am afraid I can’t answer your questions, but want to let you know they seem like good ones. Hopefully someone else will reply. Meanwhile, I have tried to absorb what BartEhrman has to say on Paul and just recently watched several videos in a playlist about ancient ideas on the afterlife posted by James Tabor. I think he goes into some detail about Paul’s ideas that may be relevant.
There were later Christian thinkers, influenced by Hellenistic thought, who speculated that believers might become angels – or stars! The idea was that the substance of the resurrection body was made of Pneuma, “spirit”, and that both the angels and the stars were also composed of this substance. This was not the idea of an immaterial soul. That came later.
The author of Mark seems to have had the same viewpoint as Paul does in Galatians. In the resurrection all earthly distinctions, class, gender, culture, will be eliminated. No sex in heaven, alas.
What the author of Hebrews meant is hard to say. Hebrews is a weird book, only accepted in the canon because it was falsely ascribed to Paul. Sorry, this probably wasn’t very helpful. But the idea that believers became angels was definitely present in some texts.

Yes, they already are angels because the end of the age began when Jesus ascended to heaven. Matthew 28:20
It’s like a modern day cosplay event while watching an American Civil War reenactment in Pennsylvania and Abraham Lincoln gets to be the Anti-Christ in the mind of the Confederacy.
The book of Hebrews was written specifically and only for Jewish people. The other books like Romans, supposedly of Paul, are meant to educate the Gentiles about the Jewish religion. Jews and Gentiles have to be able to understand each other somehow because the Hebrew religion is like the Tower of Babel. More than just knowledge of the Old Testment, it really requires a life experience as a Jewish person in the first century to understand. So I’m saying that we cannot obviously really understand the book of Hebrews. However, we can imagine it as so. Not everybody has the same understanding because not everybody lives the same life.
What’s going on during the first century between the Jews and Gentiles was similar if not worse than the Jim Crow Laws. (For those knowledgeable of the USA). The Temple laws even required that Jewish men and women be segregated within the Temple. There was a place for the women, and a place for the men. Gentiles are not allowed to enter the Temple. Jews do not associate with Gentiles because the Second Temple religion is obsessed with ritual cleanliness. More than that, the Israelite nation (that doesn’t really exist except within their hopes and minds) is becoming obsessed once again after the Maccabean Revolts about becoming a sovereign independent nation away from the Roman Empire. There’s Messiah groups spurring up everywhere getting ready to battle against the Romans. The Sanhedrin is trying to stop them and keep them loyal to the Roman Empire. If the Sanhedrin fails at their job of suppressing rebellion and insurrection amongst the Jews and Messiahs they will be destroyed by the Roman Empire. That’s what happened during the Jewish Roman Wars 66AD-136AD. (70 years).
The context of Hebrews is supposedly before 70AD. The Jewish Roman War doesn’t begin until 66AD. (1290, 1335 days)
Chapter 12 is specifically for those living in Jerusalem. The Messiahs are causing insurrection within Jerusalem and a battle is soon to take place. Rural and Galilean Jews are traveling to the city because of festivals. The Roman Legions are approaching to stop the insurrections and Messiahs. Those in Jerusalem are, in the mind, the angels and holy ones anticipating the fulfillment of Daniel 12, but also trying to overcome it and prevent the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple.
Daniel 12:7 When the power of the holy people has been finally broken, all these things will be completed.
Hebrews 13 is then in the context after the Temple destruction of 70AD.
The common misconception is that the NT contains prophecy. It doesn’t, the details of the prophecy was added into the books after the events occurred to create the illusion of prophecy.

@DavidFord
I interpret the passage in Hebrews as being of the language of poetry. The art of being an inspirational public speaker. Leaders always perform inspirational speeches for the people during times of war.
Mark 12:25 (but are like angels in the heavens) ως
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So is the Greek word ως a word used in metaphorical language or the opposite ? I interpret as it being metaphorical:poetry. Not that they are consubstantial with angels who deities consubstantial with fire and light, smoke.
The problem is that consubstantial, a later Latin word used the Trinity theology, might not have a Greek equivalent word. The prefix “con” in Latin means together, consubstantial: together in substance. While homoousion in Greek means of the same substance.
In sense similar that Peter is not really a rock:stone.
(Peter is the stone in the slingshot of King David that kills Goliath, where Goliath is the Roman Imperial Cult.)
Christianity replaced the Roman Imperial Cult.
Proof in Law sometime between the fourth and sixth centuries.
1. The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius to the People of the City of Constantinople.
We desire that all peoples subject to Our benign Empire shall live under the same religion that the Divine Peter, the Apostle, gave to the Romans, and which the said religion declares was introduced by himself, and which it is well known that the Pontiff Damasus, and Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, a man of apostolic sanctity, embraced; that is to say, in accordance with the rules of apostolic discipline and the evangelical doctrine, we should believe that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit constitute a single Deity, endowed with equal majesty, and united in the Holy Trinity.
(1) We order all those who follow this law to assume the name of Catholic Christians, and considering others as demented and insane, We order that they shall bear the infamy of heresy; and when the Divine vengeance which they merit has been appeased, they shall afterwards be punished in accordance with Our resentment, which we have acquired from the judgment of Heaven.
Dated at Thessalonica, on the third of the Kalends of March, during the Consulate of Gratian, Consul for the fifth time, and Theodosius.
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The language is that you renounce your “life of the world”. You join the Holy monasteries and are no longer “off the world.” Within your new life within the monastery you exist within “the kingdom of God.” You are now an angel. If you become venerated as a saint because of your tremendous good works accomplished you achieve divinity.
Saint and Divine are to be synonymous. They are of the Greek word αγαθούς which means holy. The distinction appears from the English language where divine is from the Greek word θεος. Christianity has to continually be translated into new languages so they can keep a distinction. The Greek probably did not have such a distinction as how it is now since Christian theology is a language of multiple languages combined into one. Word games because man cannot be God, but Jesus was a man obviously. There cannot be two persons of Jesus, where one is God, and one is man. That was a condemnable heresy called Nestorianism. ** you do not have permission to see this link **
So yes, they are literally speaking of themselves as being angels because they live in an early form of monastery services to God.

Hebrews 12 is originally absent from the Codex Vaticanus. The codex is pretty much the only useful earliest text accepted. If it is actually from the fourth century, I cannot say so one way or the other. The Codex ends in the ancient Koine Greek at Hebrews 9, verse 14 or so. The final parts of the Codex from Hebrews 9:14 and Revelations is written in a much later style of cursive Greek that looks like the scribbles of a drunken fool. Maybe native Greek speakers can easily read it, but to me the Koine Greek is much easier to see. And I can’t read or speak Greek at all really. I just spell check it from the ancient texts to the modern Greek alphabet bibles. I recognize maybe a dozen words.
Probably because of that reason, that monks, nuns, scribes and priests were losing their minds living in the monasteries because the language suggests that the Second Coming of Christ, Return of the Son of Man, kingdom of God has already occurred and is now the present time but they want to keep it as unfulfilled. Pre-eterist theology is not of benefit to the Church because without Jesus being an earthly king it creates false prophecy, or the antichrist.

@Robert
Because my English name in Greek sounds like καλός
I’m not a native Greek speaker living in the culture and context of time; therefore I myself have no knowledge if there’s really a distinction between κύριος, θεούς, and Αγίους, αγαθούς, καλός to the Jews speaking Greek. Maybe the Christians weren’t even really speaking the Greek language correctly? Like how in English the phrase “thanks Obama”…….
That is my reasoning, I don’t have the ability to perform miracles to justify my claims and the Pharisees wouldn’t care anyways if I did have such.
I try my best to speak and wrote words and ideas that have substance. If it has no substance it cannot be truth.
Why is the Roman Law declaring of the Divine Peter? Is Peter also God at the time; and not Paul?
Hebrews 12: (Angels are those who never married and had children.)
There’s a huge city in California called Los Angeles. Like in Hebrews 12 there’s a city called Jerusalem. The cities of angels.

@Robert
Maybe, at the time, still because of Marcionism, they weren’t as obsessed and concerned with the Pauline teachings as they are today.
I read this from the Justinian Code (6th century Roman Emperor of the Eastern (Byzantine) empire. Roman Laws not be broken at the time.
Title 1. Concerning the most exalted Trinity and the Catholic faith, and providing that no one shall dare to publicly oppose them. 1. The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius to the People of the City of Constantinople.
We desire that all peoples subject to Our benign Empire shall live under the same religion
that the Divine Peter, *************you mentioned: (whereas “divine” is derived from θεός (theos, cf also θεῖος/θειότης)
the Apostle, gave to the Romans, and which the said religion declares was introduced by himself,
and which it is well known that the Pontiff Damasus, and Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, a man of apostolic sanctity, embraced; that is to say, in accordance with the rules of apostolic discipline and the evangelical doctrine, we should believe that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit constitute a single Deity, endowed with equal majesty, and united in the Holy Trinity.
(1) We order all those who follow this law to assume the name of Catholic Christians, and considering others as demented and insane, We order that they shall bear the infamy of heresy; and when the Divine vengeance which they merit has been appeased, they shall afterwards be punished in accordance with Our resentment, which we have acquired from the judgment of Heaven.
Dated at Thessalonica, on the third of the Kalends of March, during the Consulate of Gratian, Consul for the fifth time, and Theodosius.
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