I love Thanksgiving. Absolutely love it. For me it’s the best holiday of the year – family, friends, food, and football. How good can it get? (OK, a lot of my family and friends would drop the football.) And it’s always a time for me actually to realize how much good there is in the world and in my life.
On the other hand, every Thanksgiving has a darkside for me, a sense of guilt that I myself have so much to be thankful for. Isn’t that a bit triumphalist and self-congratulating, given how awful so many people feel, not because of self-pity (though there is a lot of that also) but because their lives really are filled with pain and misery?
These two feelings of gratitude and guilt are simultaneous. That is weird and possibly paradoxical, but I never try to resolve the tension between them, to make one triumph over the other or to reconcile them to one another. They are both real and true but obviously at odds. I think that’s worth reflecting on.
For probably twenty-five years now I have been an agnostic/atheist/humanist. I did not leave the Christian faith because of my scholarship on the Bible and early Christianity. My scholarship did show me, in rather definitive terms, that my older conservative evangelical views of the Bible were simply wrong; I came to realize that it is a very human book written by different authors with sometimes very different and even irreconcilable perspectives and sometimes flat-out contradictory accounts. That actually did not make me appreciate the Bible less, but rather more. I began to see that the Bible is very rich and textured, with lots of things to say on major questions of our existence, all of which need to be considered closely and deeply. The Bible is not a *single* thing with a *single* message. If Mark and Luke have different views on, say, Jesus’ crucifixion, the point is NOT that we have to figure out what “really happened,” but that we should appreciate the deep and penetrating truth that Mark is trying to present and the deep and penetrating one that Luke is. If we pretend they are saying the same thing, we ignore what each is trying to say and simply come up with a single view that in fact is the view of neither one of them. That’s a rather flat and uninteresting way to read the Bible. But realizing that made the Bible *more* interesting to me as a Christian, not because I saw it as the infallible Word of God but because I considered it a repository of important truths that could guide by own thoughts and reflections and beliefs.
And so I left the faith for other reasons altogether. I simply could no longer reconcile the state of the world with the existence of a supreme divine being who wanted the best for his people – for all people – and the power to give it to them, a divine being who answered the prayers of those in real need, who was active in the world in tangible and vital ways. The more I looked around, the more I saw that it simply wasn’t true. And so I left the faith, disillusioned with a world with massive starvation – in our own day and age when, for the first time in history, it doesn’t need to be (for the previous, say, 100,000 years there was no way for humans to do much of anything about it; so it’s not good enough to say [as so many people do] that starvation is not God’s fault but ours, because we have not taken care of the problem. If it’s our fault now, whose fault was it for the other 99,920 years?); and not just starvation of course: there are also the droughts, tusnamis, hurricanes, earthquakes – not to mention personal disasters: tragic death of loved ones, birth defects, poverty, mental disease, heart-wrenching diseases; pandemics. Ah, pandemics. 750,000 + dead just in our country in this one. Throughout history there have been plagues that the population would have CELEBRATED if there were only 750,000 dead, plagues that wiped out entire cities and decimated populations.
It is easy to come up with explanations of all this and still be a theist of course. Just look on Amazon for the “Where Was God?” books by hard-core believers. They have lots of answers. We’ve all heard them. At least some of us have. If you haven’t, you should listen to them and evalulate them – not to criticize them necessarily, but to see whether you find them truly satisfying. I did that, and finally I simply got to a point where I didn’t believe it any more.
Which brings me back to the paradox of Thanksgiving Up to this point in my existence (with the admission that this could change drastically sometime in the next 2 minutes, 2 weeks, 2 months, 2 years, or 2 decades) (I don’t expect much chance of change after that for other reasons), I have had, on the whole, a *fantastic* life. I love my life. I am incredibly fortunate with my family, my friends, my opportunities, my career, my resources, my just about everything. There are bad spots, of course, and periods of suffering, sometimes intense. But all in all, if everyone had *my* life I would have no reason to question why God exists.
I am massively thankful for that. Then again on one level, I was thankful even when things were not going well, when I was unemployed, and poor, and dealing with divorce, and death, and … and all the things that most of us go through at one time or another. Many of us go through much, much worse. And many of us go through much worse when there is not only no end in sight but no end at all except leaving this miserable world altogether.
I myself am fortunate, and am deeply grateful. Others are less fortunate and less grateful. Some have little to be grateful for. And some have literally nothing. We shouldn’t deny that or turn away from it.
Those of us who are grateful do not necessarily have someone to thank for what we have. We have what we have through an incredible and serendipitous amount of luck, complete chance, good fortune, and, in some cases, the ability to take advantage of those things because of the personalities we were born with or developed through influences over which we had ourselves no influence (more luck and chance). But fostering gratitude – even if it is not directed to a GIVER – is an unusually important attitude toward life and makes us truly human, as opposed to totally non-reflective, purely emoting, self-centered, humanoid blobs who don’t give a thought about life or damn about others. We really don’t want to be like that.
At the same time, gratitude needs to be relative – in the sense that we see others who have less to be grateful for, or almost nothing. How we react to these others – most of our human companions on planet earth – also determines what kind of people we ourselves are. “Guilt” over having good in our lives is not necessarly neurotic and damaging; it can be good and healthy, especially if it leads to acts of true generosity and love toward the other, to help them experience at least some, or possibly even a lot, of joy and happiness in their lives.
And so my emotional paradox. I’m very thankful; and feel a bit guilty. I don’t resolve the emotions, but I do try to do something about them both. I try to cultivate gratitude within myself, and I try to help those in need, whether family members and friends having a hard time or strangers around the world who need food and shelter. It’s not a perfect solution to life, but as far as I can tell, it’s the best we can do if we want to be truly human.
Bart,
Very well said and Happy Thanksgiving to you and yours. I am recovering from surgery so thankful for medical science thats keeping me going! And grateful to have insurance and access to medical care so many in the USA do not.
Shifting gears I have a question about the death of Jesus. There is a gentleman name Jonathan MS Pearce who has a book out and has appeared on a popular video channel who has a theory (that he honestly and freely admits is speculation – he seems like a nice guy) that Jesus was most likely stoned to death for blasphemy then hung on a tree or pole/cross structure of some kind before being placed in a common or criminals grave.
My first impression is how and why then did early Christians come to adopt the crucifixion narrative since they knew that would be a nonstarter for almost all of their fellow Jews? Did they see it as at least a better option than stoning and had to have something since he was indeed now dead?
What is your opinion on this?
TY for your time,
SC
I think it’s implausible. Stoning was not done by Romans but by Jews. Jews were not allowed to stone people to death under Roman rule. When their were mobs that did so anyway, they were not doing so as public events (since they could themselves be punished) and so would not have been ablee to hang the body. MOreover, Christians would not then have made up an idea that Romans killed Jesus since in fact they consistently want to report that Jews did (even though they didn’t). So they would have told the story as it happened to blame the Jews.
Thanks for sharing this. Ron
1. I LOVE your writing and your noble worldview and morality.
2. It’s congruent with your lack of belief in free will (“We have what we have through an incredible and serendipitous amount of luck, complete chance, good fortune, and, in some cases, the ability to take advantage of those things because of the personalities we were born with or developed through influences over which we had ourselves no influence.” [the ending phrase, by the way, emanates Sam Harris)
3. That penultimate paragraph is just amazing – I would love to share it as a quote of yours in my facebook page for my blog, with your permission of course.
4. A question: do you ever, even for one moment, consider the possibility that there *is* a really satisfying (which, in turn, would mean that it is reasonable to believe in an all loving divine entity) answer to the problem of suffering that just hasn’t dawned on you in all these years?
5. (and probably most important of all 5). I’m really sorry to tell you that what you American people call “football” is really NOT “football” – simply because “football” is played with your “foot” (btw, that “soccer” word is just abominable!).
I’ve always wondered where “soccer” came from…. But yes, my wife’s family is all British so I hear a good deal about the matter. They, by the way, are all Arsenal.
I don’t deny free will, by the way, at all. YOu can be handed all the gifts in the universe and easily toss them aside to lead the life of a mindless blob. Many do! As to whether I’ve considered whetehr there could be some other answer to suffering that I haven’t heard / thought of before — ALL THE TIME. But none has either occurred to me or been presented to me either in writing or viva voce in many years.
I’m really sorry your wife’s family are Arsenal…
This was very raw and moving. An academic blog with occasional bouts of contemplative wisdom – what a great site.
Happy Thanksgiving Bart.
Thanks, Bart. Very well put and thought provoking.
Thank you for this, Professor Ehrman. You should know I’m thankful for you and for this blog and the easy
way you’ve made for us to do for others!
One way to look at it is to be thankful that you are able to help others who are not so fortunate. Such as the charities that you support – which you wouldn’t be able to do if you hadn’t achieved your present state.
My problem with Thanksgiving in recent years is that I’ve become uncomfortably aware that it is, to a great extent, built on the sacrifice and decimation of the indigenous people who were being displaced by the Pilgrims even as they celebrated the first Thanksgiving – a Thanksgiving that could not have happened were it not for the help and instruction those same people had given the Pilgrims when they first arrived. These are the same people Cotton Mather once labelled “Amalek” (1689).
We’re starting preparations for dinner as I write this; as soon as I’m done here, I’m making persimmon bread. I will probably talk tonight (briefly!) about the need to restructure Thanksgiving as a more complicated holiday than we learned about in grade school. Giving thanks is never quite as simple as it might seem.
But, happy holidays anyway!
I agree. I bracket the horrible roots, without forgetting them, and put my attention on what *should* have been and what *can* be….
It is frequently argued that Isa 7:14-16, which is used by Matthew as a prophecy of Jesus’ birth, is taken out of context and time.
It should really be read as a prediction of success at the siege of Jerusalem and perhaps applies to a wife of King Ahaz.
The verses tell that the mother should call her son Immanuel.
If the prophecy does specifically relate to earlier events and not to Jesus, is it known if there was a son of King Ahaz named Immanuel, please?
Isaiah 7 does not indicate that the woman was Ahaz’s wife, just that she was a young woman who was pregnant. “Immanuel” is not a literal name; it is a word that simply means “God is with us,” and so symbolic.
A heartfelt, insightful reflection, Professor Ehrman. Happy Thanksgiving 2021.
You are in fact much more “in” than “out”, whatever you want to put into it.
You really sounds like a good man, Bart. Bless your holiday !!!
27 migrants drowned in the English
channel yesterday while trying to
reach the U.K. A pregnant woman
and several children were among the
dead. Imagine the horror when the little
girl took her last breath before the cold
sea water filled her small lungs. Soon
she will be forgotten as if she never
existed. If anyone of us sat on the
throne of God even for a day or two, we
could certainly make significant
improvements.And since God is
”not guilty” of existing, that leaves
us with the fact that we only
have ourselves and each other to
rely on. This is actually something to
appreciate and cherish.
Thanks for your Thanksgiving reflections. They are always enjoyable. I was just wondering if you’d ever read Daniel Dennett’s “Thank Goodness.” He wrote it after receiving a lifesaving heart operation. You can read it here: https://www.edge.org/conversation/daniel_c_dennett-thank-goodness. It always spoke very deeply to me.
Ah, thanks!
Very cogent review of your thoughts and life- thank you.
Your “emotional paradox” brings to mind John Shelby Spong’s Why Christianity Must Change or Die. Could what you feel be what he means by God being the “Ground of all Being” and not a God in a theistic sense?
It’s probably closely related, yes — the difference being that Spong continued to self-identify as a Christian.
“Menagerie” is the title of a Star Trek episode that depicts a group on a forbidden planet that live SURREPTITIOUSLY on the emotions of someone else. When I read about Stephen Meyers’ intelligent designer I kind of get what this life is about. Of course I am grateful that I was not born on the plans of Ethiopia, but thankful to whom?
I think we should all ideally do all that is in our power to do to alleviate suffering in the world. Beyond that, I don’t think we can make any statements at all of a rational nature as to why our world is so filled with it. About all we can say is that either suffering has an ultimate purpose, or it doesn’t. If the latter, then it’s natural to adopt an atheist stance. If the former, there must be more to reality and our existence than the material world we currently find ourselves in. Whichever it is, that becomes simply a matter of ultimate truth – regardless of how we feel things should be. As a Platonist, I suspect that this material world is but a surface reflection of a far deeper and more expansively meaningful reality – that the physical world we experience is an “instantiation of purpose” in this deep ocean of meaning. I believe that if something is deeply meaningful and reflects an ultimate truth, it will instantiate in some physical form. Just my suspicion, fwiw. The physical is apparently necessary to the fulfillment of purpose.
Thank you for your posts, blogs, books, charity, videos, etc.
I actually know we are all (all genders/ethnicities/nationalities) born connected to heaven/Universe/God/Love/eternal life. And we learn some beliefs and ways that are not the best for us or the world…and get disconnected. We each have choices to make. And we can choose to focus more on the positive.
There are some ancient beliefs about god/gods that may not be the best for us. People did the best they knew at the time. And we can choose healthier beliefs.
For example, not to sin instead of being a sinner.
To believe in eternal life instead of death.
Happiness instead of suffering… which may mean having better relationship stories.
Equality, kindness, peace, gratitude, and the list goes on.
Living on a prayer. Daily positive prayers, gratitude, etc. Acts of kindness.
Science has found loving-kindness meditation to be beneficial. What I found is that you also have to want to live (eternal life)… and also not only live when there is suffering. It is ok to live and be happy.
Plains of Ethiopia.
Bart, I do not want to spoil your happiness and enjoyment of this time of the year. Please forgive me but I cannot but help think of the extensive ethnic cleansing that took place so that ‘Thanksgiving’ could be celebrated.
Isaac Thambar
I think about it too. Horrible. It’s always important to see teh awful roots that can lead to serrendipitously to good plants.
There can’t be many scholars who devote so much of their lives to something they don’t believe in. What’s the motivation?
Actaully, most scholars in the Humanities are like that. Scholars who teach Plato or Marxist are not normally Platonists or Marxists, and teachers who teach Mein Kampf are usually not Nazis. I ahve colleagues who teach Islam, Buddhism, and Medieval Christianity who are atheists. My wife’s a Chaucer scholar but she doesn’t believe him — if you see what I mean. Humantities are a *great* place to be! We study about the views and practices that make the lives of others meaningful.
Excellent article !!! Love all the feedback also. The philosophical problem of evil has always caused a big hang up with me as I have turned from Christian to atheist to agnostic to Christian again. I often have prayed that God have mercy on mankind. In the meantime I try to do as much good as I can and in every way that I can.
That was lovely and compelling. Thanks.
As a vegan who’s not keen on Pilgrims, what used to be Thanksgiving is now a day for making and eating dessert (and being thankful). Next year we’re kicking off a new holiday: Julian the Apostate’s birthday (Nov 17?). Sometimes you’ve gotta make your own fun.
Great idea. And if had ruled 30 years instead of 18 months, we all might be celebratig it still.
Hello, Bart
As a subscriber and a reader of your books, I want to especially thank you for this post. About 18 months ago my wife and I lost our son to what at first seemed like a trivial infection at the outset. It quickly developed into sepsis before he sought any medical help. He was 48 years old and our only child who owned a successful software services firm and was the light of our lives. His mother and I are retired senior citizens (I was a university prof and she was a librarian).
Since his passing I have struggled to make sense of it all. I just want you to know that your post has helped me on this day after Thanksgiving. I highly value your sensitivity and your many worthy books and other writings.
Happy Holidays
Ole Prof
I am SO sorry to hear about your son. Some tragedies simply cannot be explained. Please accept my sincere condolences as you continue to grieve.
I am reminded of an important scene at the end of “Good Will Hunting” where Dr. Sean Maguire (Robin Williams) confronts Will Hunting (Matt Damon) about his responsibility for the abuse he has suffered in foster homes where he grew up and indicates to Will, “It’s not your fault.”
It is neither my fault that I am here nor my fault that 7.9 billion other people on earth are here.
So I have trouble with feeling guilty about my lot in life. There is a lot left to chance as you point out, and I am truly lucky indeed.
Do I strive to be respectful and helpful and funny (when appropriate) in every interaction and to use the tools I was blessed with every day? Yes, I do. That is within my control.
Perhaps according to some, I should feel more guilty. My ex-wife, who was Catholic, sure felt so. But I am just not buying that. It isn’t healthy and it isn’t helpful. So I will continue trying to be an overall net positive for other people that I encounter, but I won’t feel guilty about the other 7.9 billion. It isn’t my fault.
Great movie. And I agree it’s not my fault — I don’t have any sense of that. My guilt is that I could do more to help those in need than I do.
This has become a very special place, this blog. To me, THE BIGGEST thing that happens here (and there’s a lot) is that people in need are actually helped. Full stop. Period, I mean. That’s the big thing. Anyone wondering what to do or worried or anxious or guilty or whatever – even grieving – should try it, IMO. Simply help someone near you who needs help. Amongst plenty of other things, that’s what this blog does that’s best.
Thank you for sharing! I wrestle with this same tension all the time. Life is full of so much beauty and simultaneously so much suffering. This pandemic has contributed to some of the most challenging circumstances of my life, and yet my suffering seems insignificant compared to so many people. I’ve tried my best to have appreciation and gratitude for the beauty in my life, and also the suffering. It is the suffering that expands my very narrow and limited perspective just a little more and provides me the opportunity to gain more empathy for others.
A late comment concerning your Thanksgiving Reflections and your stated reason for disbelief in a higher power: How could a loving God allow mass starvation and all the other miseries that kill good people? (my paraphrase of your words). Here is an answer for you and everyone else to stew over: God knows that life is temporary and relatively quite unimportant, because only our souls/minds/consciousness have a continuing existence (but not an infinite one). Eventually we are absorbed within God in a way beyond our current ability to understand, which occurs when we truly live a good life, unselfishly helping others. Until this happens, it’s reincarnation, over and over, just like Bill Murry experienced in the movie “Groundhog Day.” You and other readers should read about the 60-years of research into this subject conducted at the Division of Perceptual Studies (DOPS) at the U of VA Medical School. Read the book “Before” by Dr. Jim Tucker (DOPS Director); google “UVA DOPS” and explore the website. You will be glad you did.
Bill Steigelmann
I think we all need to come to terms with the issues, and what makes perfect sense so one of us does not make sense to others of us.
God (my opinion, of course) is an impassionate observer to the great joys and great suffering of human existence. This is a giant test of each of us as independent decision-makers for our own personal moral paths. God smiting this and God smiting that in the Old Testament seems to be largely a misattribution of cause and effect. Things happen, both “good” and “bad.” It seems that the real point and real test is internal and very, very personal. One can have guilt about and lament about many things we see and observe that are external to our personal lives. Sad things. Terrible things. But do they matter one whit if our own internal house is in disorder? Nope. So it comes down to what things should one really, really worry about and consider and make decisions about? External things or internal things? It seems that a great gist of the Bible is absolutely about internal consideration and internal commitments for each individual. Are external considerations just distractions from achieving the “enlightened” personal understanding and commitment necessary for personal salvation? What SHOULD we be worrying about?