We’ve been doing short stories in this thread, and now I will introduce two more. These are from the “Apocrypha.” This is the term that Protestants use for a group of Jewish books not in the Hebrew Bible that are, however, accepted by both Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians as having a secondary canonical status. In these denominations, therefore, they are called “Deuterocanonical Books.”
There are some terrific narratives among these books. Here I describe two of the best known, Tobit and Judith, again from my textbook on the Bible.
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Tobit
Tobit is a work of historical fiction—by which I mean it is a fictional tale set within a real historical context. Originally the book was written in Aramaic, either in the late third century B.C.E. or the early second.
The narrative is set in the eighth century B.C.E. in the city of Nineveh, where the hero of the story, Tobit, has been exiled from his town in Galilee during the conquests of the Assyrian king Shalmaneser. In other words, the account is allegedly taking place after the destruction of the northern kingdom of Israel. The story involves two subplots that eventually come to be woven together.
The first is about Tobit himself, who is very righteous and does great works of Jewish piety but runs into serious misfortune as he is blinded, in a rather unusual way, when bird droppings fall into his eyes. This makes
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I am torn between wanting magical fish parts, and hoping that I never need them for the purposes described.
I bet the fish is really tasty as well.
These are truly fascinating and neglected tales. The death of Holofernes became a favourite subject of Renaissance and early modern period painters, e.g. Caravaggio.
They’re both included in the latest translation of the Bible into Swedish.
Moral of the story: when courting a woman, instead of invading her homeland and getting drunk on wine, try using magical fish entrails to defeat the demonic forces protecting her.
Of course. Why didn’t I see that?
“Beware of Jewish women wearing nice clothes” is a motto I’ve tried to live by.
Take away from the Hebrew Bible: Israelite women are HOT and BADASS! Sounds like an Angelina Jolie movie
It might not be too much of a stretch to view ALL of the “Old Testament” as Jewish folklore. As such, it’s an interesting read if you skip over the tedious bits. Viewing most of it as fiction, with only a loose connection to actual historical events, it becomes less appalling– the slaughters and massacres and such could be taken as imaginative fiction. And we needn’t be horrified by a psychotic/psychopathic god. It’s fiction. It’s folklore. It’s tribal propaganda. Only harmful if taken seriously. And surely, nobody would be crazy enough to take any of it seriously– whoops!
I’m new to the recovering fundamentalist journey. I love your take on this.
The problem I have with these feel-good stories is, what do they say to those who do not regain their sight, or who lose a loved one unexpectedly, or are overrun by a foreign army? God doesn’t care enough about your problems to intervene and help you? Or, you’re not faithful enough, so try harder? Although it’s hard not to like a good decapitation story!
I know. Beautiful stories that can have awful effects. I completely agree.
Hi Dr Ehrman!
Do you ever respond to emails?
Thank you!
Rarely! I get probably 200 a day; most of them can just be deleted, but if I responded to all that really would like an answer I wouldn’t have time to watch TV. Oh, wait a second. I don’t have time to watch TV. But I do answer all the qeustions I get here on the blog.
Hi Dr Ehrman!!
I’m thinking about buying Jesus: Apocalyptic prophet, however it is quite a bit more expensive than your other books.
1. Why is it more expensive?
2. I’ve read the chapter on Jesus as an apocalypticist from your textbook, and am quite interested in the topic. Is there a lot of new info in Jesus: Apocalyptic prophet as opposed to in the textbook?
Thank you!
OK, send me an email: I will answer that one!
Ha! That’s a great Christmas present! Will do!
Both stories engendered great art. “Judith” has been portrayed by many great artists, including Michelangelo Buonarotti’s within a pendentive on the Sistine Chapel ceiling.
For me, Michelangelo Merisi’s (Caravaggio) undisputed ‘Judith Beheading Holofernes’ (Giuditta e Oloferne)–that in Rome’s Palazzo Barberini–is his (and the) greatest. Simply breathtaking viewed in situ; copies, digital or print, are but shadows.
For those who check it out: note the blood column spurting from Holofernes’ neck. Straight lines (the general seems almost to be grabbing [at] them). This depiction fails to account for the action of gravity on liquid escaping under pressure from a pulsating vessel. Artemisia Gentileschi, greatly inspired and influenced by Caravaggio’s painting, more accurately depicts the arcing blood column.
Ah. Thanks!
Do Jews, Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians all see these and other stories from the “Apocrypha” as being fiction?
I suppose it would depend which ones you ask, but throughout history most of them have seem them as non-fiction accounts that happened.
Did the group that put the Christian scriptures together think the Apocrypha was all fiction,,,thus the reason for it not being included?
They woudn’t have put it like that, I”m sure. But in any event, the Christians really had no say in what would be in the Old Testament, since they took over the Hebrew Bible of the Jews, and these books were not included in the Hebrew Bible (though they were found in the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible).
Hi Dr Ehrman!
I know that this is probably a question for the man himself, but I was wondering if you could help me out.
Does John Dominic Crossan see Jesus as divine in any way? Would he pray to him?
Thank you!
I don’t know! He does consider himself a Christian. But you could write to ask him!
I can’t find Crossan’s email address out there! You wouldn’t happen to be able to share it?
Thank you!!
I’m afraid not. Maybe address a question to the Westar Institute?
Off Topic:
I read a book titled, Creating Christ: How Roman Emperors Invented Christianity. It puts forth a proposal that the N.T. was Roman propaganda. I do not know much about the authors James Valliant and C.W. Fahy other than Valliant is a lawyer with a philosophy background. I have never heard this, and I was curious on your take of his theory that Roman involvement in authoring the N.T. could rise to this level. I’ve never equated the N.T. to propaganda written with intent seize and control Christianity.
It’s completely bogus. No one with any training in either Roman history or early Christianity would give any time to it.
Dear Bart,
Thanks for this awesome post. I was wondering if could indicate me an academic book about the history of Roman Catholic Church, I do not know if it exists or if you can please recommend me one.
My best regards and a Merry Christmas, I am a huge fan of your work!
Gustavo Loureiro
São Paulo, Brazil
I don’t really know! You might try Vidmar’s book The Catholic Church Through the Ages.
Man, Sunday School could have been way more exciting than it was!
Good evening, Bart. A couple of questions about renewing my subscription. How far ahead can I renew? If I decide to upgrade from silver to platinum can I read all the platinum blogs that I cannot read now?
Your renewal would be for one year; and yes, you would have access to all past Platinum activities — including the guest Platinum posts and any of the Platinum webinars that I remembered to record!
Dr.Ehrman,
This is only tangentially related to your blogs and more related to the infatuation of God with the Hebrews.
The Israelites had a god who appeared to be only interested in the Israelites (who were about 5% of the world population at the time).
The prophet Samuel poured oil on the head of Saul saying it indicated that Saul was God’s appointed one.
In Isaiah 49:3 God says you are my servant, oh Israel, in whom I will be glorified.
Note these prophets did not elude to the remaining 95% of the world’s inhabitants.
When God gave Moses the 10 commandments, he then gave it to the Israelites for their use.
When Jesus appeared he too was focused on his immediate surrounds, saying “Assuredly I say to you, that in the regeneration, when the Son of Man sits on the throne of His glory, you who have followed Me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.”
When religions were forming the world over, is there evidence of an all-powerful, all loving god, intervening, demonstrating his power and love to his children. The Hebrew god seems to be their god and no one else’s.
This is the first time I have heard these two stories. Thanks for sharing them with us Bart!