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Faith and Inerrancy, In My Case — Did the “Young Ehrman” Get it Wrong?
Here I pick up from my previous post about evangelicals misunderstanding my journey of faith, first by repeating its final paragraph: ****************************** My sense is that there is a simple reason that a lot of evangelical apologists think I “threw the baby out with the bathwater” (the baby of faith with the bathwater of fundamentalism). I might be wrong about this, but my sense is that taking this view allows them to explain why I left the faith without compelling them to address the ACTUAL reasons I did for themselves. It is easier to caricature me and what happened and to point out my “mistake.” I do not think that’s true of Kurt Jaros (see my previous post). I think he has simply misread what I said. And I can see how that misunderstanding is understandable, so to say. Here’s why: In Misquoting Jesus, I say the following: This kind of realization coincided with the problems I was encountering the more closely I studied the surviving Greek manuscripts of the New Testament. It is one […]
March 19, 2022
When Did the Bible Get Chapters and Verses?
One question I get a lot: where did the Bible’s chapters and verses came from. Here’s a quick answer taken from my textbook on the NT (The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings, Oxford University Press; 7th ed., 2020. Since the answer is so brief, I’ll attach another couple of paragraphs drawn from a nearby page in the book, dealing with another somewhat related and even more important (for many people) problem: when did scholars start to think that the differences in our manuscripts were a VERY big deal? QUESTION: About the numbers of the verses, who put them? Who divided the text in verses and chapters, and when? RESPONSE: (from my book) Given the fact that ancient manuscripts did not use punctuation, paragraph divisions, or even spaces to separate words, it will come as no surprise to learn that the chapter and verse divisions found in modern translations of the New Testament are not original (as if Paul, when writing Romans, would think to number his sentences and call them […]
March 20, 2022
How Luke Rewrote Matthew’s Nativity Story Platinum Guest Post by Dennis J. Folds
I’m pleased to give this Platinum Guest Post by Dennis Folds, a highly informed and informative assessment of the relationship between the infancy stories of Matthew and Luke. A lot has been said about these stories over the years, but Dennis has an intriguing perspective that I don’t recall seeing before. Terrific! Read it and see what you think. And send some comments/questions for Dennis. Do you have a post to send along for Platinum members? It does not need to be highly informed, erudite, researched: just something you’ve been thinking about that you would like to share with other Platinum members, anything related to the many issues we deal with on the blog. The queue is virtually empty now, so send your post along! For now: here’s Dennis. ****************************** The Synoptic Problem is the framework in which scholars debate about the commonalities among the three synoptic gospels: Matthew, Mark, and Luke. A lot of material is in all three, more material is common to two of the three, and the remainder is found in […]
March 14, 2022
Fundraiser for Ukraine. Lecture on “Who Killed Jesus? And Why?”
Most of us are feeling depressed, frustrated, anxious, stressed, fearful, and helpless in the face of what is happening in Ukraine. Even though there is nothing we as individuals can do to halt the Russian advance and is horrific consequences, we can at least do something to help those in the throes of the humanitarian crisis. I would like to do a fundraiser to provide funds for one of the great charities dealing with the situation, one that the blog has always supported.. We will send all the money we raise directly to Care International. They are doing fantastic work in the crisis and desperately need the funding. Our event will be on Sunday March 20, 4:00-5:30 Eastern Time. It will be a Zoom lecture that I give on “Who Killed Jesus? And Why?” It will involve a 45 minute lecture and a 45 minute Q&A. We are asking all attendees for a minimum donation of $45 dollars. If you choose to come, please consider giving more — as much as you can and wish. […]
March 12, 2022
When I First Read the Book of Revelation….
I recently gave a plenary talk at a regional meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature. The president of the group asked me to give a talk on Revelation, since that is what I’ve been working on recently, and I cobbled something together based on my book and a few other things. It was about a 45 minute speech, and I thought it would be useful to reproduce it here in chunks over the course of a few posts. My audience was scholars of religion, most of them professors of biblical studies from the Northeast. Since there were a wide range of interests and expertise represented there, I decided not to go too heavy with the scholarship. It’s always hard to gauge an audience you’ve never seen before. Anyway, here is how I started the lecture. ****************************** When I first read the book of Revelation, in August 1973, I did so out of fear, not hope. Not fear for the fate of the world in light of the coming apocalypse, but fear of my own […]
March 22, 2022
Is the Apocalypse of John a Book of Hope?
In my previous post I started giving the lecture I gave recently to a group of professional biblical scholars about how my views of Revelation have changed. After thinking that the book predicted our future (I gave up on that one forty years ago!) I began to think that the book was a positive message for true followers. In this reading – which I held for many, many years — the point of the book is that God is sovereign, just, and loving toward his faithful, and in the end truth will prevail. Above all, Revelation is a book of hope. I no longer see it that way and am a bit surprised I did for so many years. The book of Revelation is not principally about hope, let alone the love of God. Words for hope — ελπις / ελπιζω – occur some 80 times in the New Testament, but not once in this book. And God himself is never said to love his followers in this book and they are never referred […]
March 23, 2022
Is the Sacrificed Lamb of God Violent? More Reflections on Revelation
One argument used to support the idea that the controlling image of Christ in the narrative is the lamb who was slain is that this is how he is introduced in his very first appearance in the book. Anything that follows must therefore be read in light of this introductory image. The problem is that this claim is simply not true. Christ first appears not in chapter 5 as the sacrificial lamb but in chapter 1 as “one like a Son of Man,” (1:13) that is, as the cosmic judge of the earth referred to in Daniel 7, who destroys God’s enemies and their rule. In this opening vision Christ is dressed in a white robe and gold sash, just as the mighty angels who will later pour out the bowls of God’s wrath (15:6). But he is far mightier than these earth-destroyers. His hair is white, not to show that he is old and decrepit but to reveal that he is the One who has ruled from eternity past (see Daniel 7:9), the “alpha […]
March 24, 2022
Debate Announcement! Did the Resurrection of Jesus Really Happen? Two Bible Scholars Debate the Evidence
I would like to announce a major public debate that I will be having with the well-known conservative evangelical apologist Mike Licona on the resurrection of Jesus. The title is “Did the Resurrection of Jesus Really Happen? Two Bible Scholars Debate the Evidence.” It will be held remotely on April 9th from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 pm EST. The debate is not directly connected with the blog but is my own thing, done in conjunction with the courses I’ve been recording for the Bart Ehrman Professional Services. There will be a charge for the event. Some of the profits will be redirected to the blog, and blog members will get a discount (see below). If you have any interest at all, check out the video below. And if you want to learn more or sign up, here is the link: https://www.bartehrman.com/debate/ For now: more on the debate. If you are attentive to numbers, you will notice that this debate will be an all-day affair. Seven hours. Pray for my soul! On the upside (for you […]
March 15, 2022
What Do You Think? Is There a Reason to Be Religious If There Is No Afterlife?
I’ve enjoyed getting readers’ opinions on topics over the past few months, and now I’d like to hear what you think about another, which strikes me as unusually important. It has to do with the afterlife. The traditional Christian belief, of course, is that when a person dies, their soul either goes to heaven to be rewarded for eternity or to hell to be punished, for the same length of time. (“Length of time” and “time” itself no longer make much sense in eternity, of course. Eternity is infinite, not long. Though admittedly eternal ecstasy or torment sure seems long….). Many Christians today are moving away from an idea of hell, to think either in terms of temporary punishment, or annihilation, or …. something else. Many others, including me, do not think there is an afterlife at all. Like the other animals, we simply cease to exist. Here I am NOT asking for your opinions about whether there *is* an afterlife or about what it is *like* if you do. (If you don’t know, I […]
March 26, 2022
Our Ukraine Fundraiser: For those who can’t afford it and for those who can donate for them
There are blog members who would love to come to the lecture I’m giving as a fundraiser for Ukraine on Sunday, but simply can’t afford the donation (for the information about the event itself, see below). And so this post is for TWO groups of people. If you yourself can afford to come and would like to donate a “ticket” or several tickets to the event for someone or someones who cannot, please click here to do so. If you can NOT afford the donation amount but would like to come to the lecture click here to register and on the Donation Amount, simply enter $0 or the amount you are able to give. The blog is not meant to be exclusive but to be open to all. Many thanks to all for being on it and supporting our causes. Note: for those who wish to donate, but can’t attend the lecture live, we will be recording the the talk and will make that available to all donors. Here now is the original announcement again. […]
March 14, 2022
Want a Recording of Upcoming Ukraine Lecture: “Who Killed Jesus? And Why?” ?
Several people have informed me that they will not be able to attend the Ukraine Fundraiser on Sunday March 20, 4:00-5:30 Eastern Time, LIVE but would like to make the donation and receive a RECORDING, so: Anyone who registers for the event, whether they come to it live or not, will be sent the recording to have for posterity. The recording will also include the Q&A that follows the lecture. You can make your donation on the blog Home page (scroll to bottom), and you can register & get the Zoom link here. Remember, this is 100% a fundraiser for CARE, which is doing heroic work to help Ukrainians who have had to flee their country, so give what you can. I am personally matching donations up to $10,000.
Memories of Ukraine. Guest Post by Douglas Wadeson, MD
In view of our coming fund raiser for Ukraine on Sunday (Fundraiser for Ukraine. Lecture on “Who Killed Jesus? And Why?” | The Bart Ehrman Blog) a long-time blog member and one of my blog advisors, Doug Wadeson, has provided this moving and informative recollection of his times there. ******************** We are all distressed by the events in Ukraine. My wife and I feel a particular connection to this situation as we have visited Ukraine a number of times and still have friends there. A missionary friend ran a language college in Simferopol, Crimea although his ultimate goal was to teach Christian values to people raised in officially atheistic communism. Each year he sponsored a symposium bringing together Ukrainians, Russians, Americans and Europeans in an east-meets-west sort of multidisciplinary meeting where we each presented a paper for discussion and debate, on any number of subjects, but with a particular worldview in mind, usually Christian or atheist. As a medical doctor I offered to participate. He also arranged for me to speak at various medical facilities […]
March 16, 2022
Gold Q & A: March 2022!
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Upcoming Debate and Possible Blog Breakfast? Anyone in San Diego March 24?
This next week I’m heading out to San Diego for a debate on March 24 with a Catholic Apologist named Jimmy Akin on the question of whether the Gospels of the New Testament are historically reliable. I’ve never debated a Catholic apologist before! This should be fun. I also (obviously) haven’t done a live event in over two years. So, this will be interesting as well as fun. The event will be live streamed if you’re interested, and even if you’re not. Here’s the announcement, with ticket information, in case you might want to attend or listen in: Jimmy Akin vs Bart Ehrman – Campaign (catholic.com) MOREOVER (only distantly conntected): It turns out I’ll be free for breakfast that morning. I’m happy to do a blog event ((as in live, and in person!) if anyone feels like shlepping out to Del Mar. I’m thinkin’ March 24 at 8:00 am. Anyone interested? Just send me an email at [email protected] There’d be no obligation other than showing up, ordering what you want, eating what you order, and […]
March 17, 2022
Does Paul Condemn Slavery? The Surprising Answer–Paul and Philemon
This past week I received a question from a reader about the book of Philemon. The last time that happened … well, actually, I think it has happened only once before in the history of the blog! And now that vibrant and widespread interest has been raised, it is a good time to address it again! Seriously, it involves an unusually intriguing question. What was Paul’s view of slavery? Philemon provides an unexpected answer, at least as I read it. This is the shortest of Paul’s letters (it’s a one-pager) where he is writing to his convert Philemon, a rich slave owner, asking him to receive back into his good graces his run-away slave Onesimus. So what was *that* all about? Here is the question and my response. QUESTION: From your writing about Greco Roman notions of dominance as status, it seems that the simple manumission of a slave was not a de facto improvement in status, because a man with no wealth, power, or influence was about as low on the ladder as […]
March 27, 2022
Two of the Most Violent Passages in Revelation
I continue here with my discussion of the violence in the book of Revelation as taken from a recent lecture I gave. As is clear, I find it incredible that so many well-meaning scholars want to insist that its not *actually* violent. OK, then. As I’ve indicated, chs. 6-16 are a three-part series of disasters, 7 seals, trumpets, and bowls of wrath each, bringing war, death, economic collapse, starvation, torment, natural disaster, and cosmic disruption (with other things). I pick up there in what follows: ****************************** And as awful as they are, the seals, trumpets, and bowls are not the most violent parts of the book. Three other passages compete for that dubious honor. The first comes as an interlude between the seven trumpets and the seven bowls of God’s wrath (14:14-20). Here we have another vision of “one like the Son of Man” (Christ) who is seated on a cloud, wearing a golden crown and carrying a sharp sickle (14:14). It is not an auspicious image. An angel emerges from the […]
March 29, 2022
The Most Violent Passage in Revelation, in My View:
From where I sit, the harshest most violent passage in Revelation is not one that dispenses with a third of the human race in one verse or describes a horde of locusts that will sting everyone on earth except God’s close followers and cause unbearable physical agony for five months that cannot be relieved and that they cannot escape even by dying – i.e., they are not allowed to end it all. OK, maybe that one is the worst. But in terms of awfulness, this for me is the one, as I discuss in the lecture I gave on Revelation recently. In the previous post I mentioned two of the worst. Here’s *the* worst. ****************************** The third passage shows that Christ directs his violence not only against pagans and Jews but also against his own followers, even active leaders and teachers in his church. The tenuous standing of Jesus’ followers is a leading theme of his letters to the seven churches of in chapters 2 and 3. Christ regularly threatens to remove his favor and […]
March 30, 2022
Do Textual Critics Have to be Radical Skeptics? Guest Post by Kurt Jaros
Here now is the sixth and final video post by Kurt Jaros, connected to my views of Textual Criticism. As you know, Kurt is a conservative evangelical apologist who, unlike some others, is openminded about issues of biblical scholarship. May his tribe increase. Here he argues that the fact we have different manuscripts of the NT with different wording does not necessarily have to lead to a deeply skeptical view of the Bible. ****************************** Misquoting Ehrman – Part Six: Reject Radical Skepticism How does radical skepticism creep into some people’s minds when they think about textual criticism? In this last episode of Misquoting Ehrman, I provide an important distinction which demonstrates how radical skepticism does not follow from the manuscript evidence we have. Then, I recap the series. Thanks for viewing!
March 31, 2022
If Revelation is All Symbolic, Why Would the Violence *Matter*?
I’ve been presenting a lecture I gave to a regional meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature recently on the violence of the book of Revelation. In my previous post I talked about a passage that strikes me as excessively ugly, which discusses Jesus’ treatment of the prophetess Jezebel (a Christian leader/teacher) from the church of Thyatira. At this point in my lecture I move on from detailing aspects of the violence of the text to considering its significance. ****************************** Most of Revelation, of course, is not about what will happen to Christians that John considers wayward, but to those outside the church who suffer incomprehensible catastrophes and are eventually tossed alive into a lake of burning sulfur. But why would it have to be this way, even if God is just and decides to avenge his persecuted or even martyred followers and to wipe out the masses of the ungodly? Couldn’t he simply give them a simultaneous and fatal coronary? Or just disintegrate them with a cosmic ray gun? Not for John. The wrath […]
April 2, 2022
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March 21, 2022