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“In the Beginning” (Part 2)

In my previous post I began to summarize the lectures that are available in my course: “In the Beginning: Myth, Legend, and History in the Book of Genesis.”  If you’re interested in the course, you can learn more about it on my personal website (which is not directly connected to the blog): www.bartehrman.com   Here I will give a synopsis of the final four lectures.   Lecture 3: The Ancient Tales of Genesis: Borrowings from the Wider Culture   Scholars and lay-readers alike were shocked in the mid 19th century to learn that versions of the most important stories of Genesis 1-11 were discovered in other (non-Israelite) parts of the Ancient Near East.  In fact, in many cases these other non-biblical versions can be shown to be much older than those in Genesis. There is, for example, a story of creation from ancient Canaan called the Enuma Elish, which is different in many ways from the story in Genesis 1, but with numerous similarities as well both in the overall concept and sometimes even with [...]

2025-09-10T12:57:07-04:00March 6th, 2022|Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, Public Forum, Video Media|

In the Beginning: Myth, Legend, and History in the Book of Genesis (Part 1)

As I have mentioned before, I have started a small business on the side, Bart Ehrman Professional Services (BEPS).  At this point it involves booking speaking engagements, providing consultations with authors of various kinds, and online courses.  The online courses, of course, are a way of disseminating knowledge about the Bible, the historical Jesus, the history of Christianity, and so on. BEPS is a separate commercial endeavor for me and I am diligently keeping it distinct from the blog, except to announce what I’m up to there for blog members who might be interested.  You can also learn more about it on my website, www.bartehrman.com This past month I produced a six-lecture course called “In the Beginning: Myth, Legend, and History in the Book of Genesis.”  This is the first of possibly many courses in a long series called “How Scholars Read the Bible.” The entire series will be devoted to showing what critical scholars think, believe, and argue about the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, but also to show why they think what [...]

2025-09-10T12:57:06-04:00March 5th, 2022|Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, Public Forum, Video Media|

Don’t Forget! Ask Bart Anything: Sunday!!

Please remember our fundraiser for Doctors Without Borders (MUCH in need of support just now in particular!).  It's your chance to ask me questions and my chance to desperately think of answers.    ALSO: I will have a one-one-one after the event with the highest bidder!  And bids are due TONIGHT.   See details here: https://ehrmanblog.org/ask-bart-anything-blog-event-march-6/    

2025-09-10T12:57:21-04:00March 4th, 2022|Public Forum|

Ask Bart Anything! Blog Event March 6

On Sunday March 6, 4:00 - 5:15 EST we are holding a blog event which will be a two-way affair: I will have the pleasure of trying to answer questions participants have and participants will have the pleasure of stumping me with questions I can't answer.  And a good time will be had by all! This will be a fundraiser for Doctors Without Borders.  Donations are voluntary but encouraged for this great cause. To learn more, keep reading; to register and get the link: go here:  Register here for the ABA The format: I will take live questions through chat.  The questions can be on ANY topic that anyone is interested in.  If it is something I don’t know anything about (Kant's second critique or quantum mechanics) or that I would rather not talk about (that little incident when I was 16….) I’ll just say so.  I will get through as many questions as I can, answering easy ones briefly and taking as long as I need to deal with more complicated ones.  My only [...]

2025-09-10T12:57:07-04:00February 26th, 2022|Public Forum|

How Would We Know If We Found an “Original” Manuscript?

A reader recently asked a question I had dealt with on the blog many years ago.   When originally asked it, I responded by saying I had never thought about it before. (!)  Below is the question and my initial reflections.  My views haven’t matured much during the past seven years (and they ain't the only thing), so I give my initial response.  If someone can improve on it, let me know. First here is this week’s way of asking the question: QUESTION: Suppose someone did claim to have found the original….    I get that you can show something isn’t original, such as by dating it to two hundred years later. But is there anything you can do to show it is likely original?   Here now is the original post. ******************************   READER'S QUESTION: Were we to have any *original manuscript* of any NT document in our midst, would we be able to recognize and confirm it as such?  If so, how? BART'S RESPONSE: Now that’s a question I’ve never been asked before!  And in [...]

2025-09-10T12:56:50-04:00February 26th, 2022|New Testament Manuscripts, Public Forum|

February Gold Q&A: Ask your Questions!

Dear Gold Members, It is time for our monthly Gold Q&A.  Have a question?  Ask it!  Anything related to the blog! To enter your question on to the list: send it to Diane at [email protected] DEADLINE for your question. Midnight EST this Friday, Feb. 25.  I will make the recording that weekend, and it will be available, if all goes to plan, on Monday, Feb. 28. I'm looking forward to it!   Bart  

2025-09-10T12:57:07-04:00February 22nd, 2022|Public Forum, Reader’s Questions|

The Messages of Jesus and Paul: Basically the Same or Fundamentally Different?

I have been talking about the relationship of Jesus’ proclamation of the coming Kingdom of God to Paul’s preaching about the importance of the death and resurrection of Jesus. In the previous post I argued that the fundamental concerns, interests, perspectives, and theologies of these two were different. In this post I’d like to give, in summary fashion, what strikes me as very similar and very different about their two messages. Again, in my view it is way too much to say that Paul is the “Founder of Christianity”: that assumes that he is the one who personally came up with the idea of the importance of the death and resurrection of Jesus for salvation, whereas almost certainly this view had been around for a couple of years before he came onto the scene. And it is probably too much even to say that he was the “Co-founder of Christianity,” for much the same reason. But it is safe to say that of all the early Christian thinkers and missionaries, Paul is the one we [...]

2025-09-10T12:57:06-04:00February 19th, 2022|Historical Jesus, Paul and His Letters, Public Forum|

Would Anyone *Invent* the Story of the Women at the Tomb?

I received a question in the comments recently that I've gotten a lot before.  Wouldn't the Gospel story about women being the first to realize Jesus had been raised be contrary to what Christians would have *wanted* to say, possibly even embarrassing?  If so, isn't it likely that no one made it up but that it's actually what probably happened?   It's been a few years since I posted on the question, so it seems like a good chance to post on it again.  Here's what I've said before: ****************************** Who in the ancient world would ever try to *prove* the resurrection by making up a story that women, in particular, discovered Jesus' empty tomb?  Weren't women seen as complete unreliable witnesses?  Their testimony never even accepted in a court of law?  If someone want to prove that Jesus had been raised -- and that therefore the tomb was empty -- they would have invented *men* at the tomb (reliable witnesses) rather than *women* (untrustworthy).  Right? The reason anyone ever has this question is because it [...]

2025-09-10T12:56:51-04:00February 16th, 2022|Canonical Gospels, Historical Jesus, Public Forum|

(Re)Thinking Everything. Guest Post by Glenn Siepert

As you probably know,  a number of volunteers work for the blog, graciously giving their time and talents to promote the work we're doing.  As one of the perks, volunteers who have published a book of relevance to what we do here on the blog can write a post on it for us.  I did an interview this past August with Glenn Siepert that I enjoyed very much; he is a very good interviewer (you can see it here:  Interview on Lost Christianities: "What If Project" Podcast | The Bart Ehrman Blog ).  Afterward he volunteered to design graphics for some of the blog posts, and we've all benefited from it. Glenn has just published a book about how he left a fundamentalist form of Christianity and the new world he then entered into.   Here is his description of his experience and the book. ****************************** Hello friends.  My name is Glenn Siepert and Bart invited me onto the blog today to share with you a bit about my new book that I recently self-published via [...]

2025-09-10T12:57:05-04:00February 14th, 2022|Book Discussions, Public Forum|

The Heart of Jesus’ Message

To this point in the thread I have been talking about Paul’s “religion” – specifically, what he thought was important in a person’s relationship with God. He expressed his views in a variety of ways – I have talked about his judicial and his participationist understandings of salvation, and have made brief comments on yet other “models” that he used to express his view about the act of salvation that God had achieved through Christ. In all of these models, it was the death and resurrection of Jesus that was of paramount importance. It was that, nothing else, that brought about salvation. And what did Jesus himself think? This is arguably the most important point to consider about early Christianity. Did the best known apostle of Christ proclaim the same, or very similar message, to Jesus himself? Or not? In my New Testament class every semester I have my students debate, in class, a resolution dealing with the issue: “Resolved: Paul and Jesus represented fundamentally different religions.” Students are surprised by the topic. Until they [...]

2025-09-10T12:56:51-04:00February 12th, 2022|Historical Jesus, Public Forum|

Still Other Models of Salvation in Paul

I have been discussing various ways that Paul understands the importance of the death and resurrection of Jesus for salvation, and have focused on the judicial and participationist models – mainly because these are the two that Paul most frequently appeals to (without calling them the judicial and participationist models!).  I need to clarify a few points before moving on to speak of yet other models that Paul appears to use. First, over the years when I've discussed these models in a public forum, people have asked me about my personal views of these models.   Several have asked how I could possibly believe such a thing.  And one has asked what right I have to talk about “sin” if I’m not a Christian and so do not believe in sin.  So let me clear: I’m not affirming or denying anything Paul says in any of his writings.  I’m simply describing what it is he says.  Some people have trouble understanding the difference between description and prescription, but there’s a big difference. I remember back when [...]

2025-09-10T12:56:50-04:00February 9th, 2022|Public Forum|

The “Common Era”: Invented to Stop Speculations About the End of the World. Platinum Guest Post by Daniel Kohanski

I'm pleased to publish this Platinum guest post by Dan Kohanski.  I think I can *guarantee* that most of you will not have heard this information before!  And it's really interesting, the kind of thing you might wonder about but not know who to ask. Dan will be happy to respond to your comments and questions. Do you have anything you want to post about?  You don't have to do massive research or be a scholar in the field -- just have in interest in expressing your views, getting them out there, getting some feedback from kindly-disposed readers, your fellow Platinums!   If you're interested, just let me know!  For now, Here's Dan:   *******************************   The first Christians were driven by the expectation of the immediate end of the world as it then existed. It was going to happen right now, or tomorrow, certainly within a few days, definitely within their generation, surely within their own lifetime. The disciples preached that Jesus had gone to heaven to get the kingdom moving, as it were, and [...]

2025-09-10T12:56:51-04:00February 7th, 2022|Public Forum|

What Do You Think? What’s It Mean to Study Religion in a Secular University?

One of my classes this semester is a First Year Seminar, designed, obviously for students in their first year of college (either semester) and meant to be a bit more hands-on and with an unusual creative component.  I’ve mentioned the course on the blog in previous years; it is called “Jesus in Scholarship and Film.”   (The creative element: for a final writing project they have to write a Gospel.) In preparation for the second meeting of the semester this time I asked the students to reflect on what they thought would be the difference between studying religion – and especially the New Testament and the historical Jesus – in a faith context such as a church, synagogue, or Sunday School, and in a secular research university funded in part by the state. It led to an interesting discussion and the students had good ideas.  Most of the comments were along similar lines, that there must be a difference between discussing biblical writings in light of your faith / personal beliefs and studying them as historical [...]

2025-09-10T12:56:50-04:00February 1st, 2022|Public Forum|

Vote for your favorite Platinum Guest Post!

Dear Platinum members, It's time to vote on another Platinum guest post, to determine which will be posted on the blog at large.  Take a look -- they're all terrific.   To vote, just send a quick note to Diane at [email protected] And remember -- you're always welcome to submit a post yourself.  Anything connected to the blog that strikes your fancy that you'd like others to read about?  Any ideas/thoughts you'd like to have disseminated and discussed?  Here's your chance.  Just zap me a note. But for now:  here are the current options! August 18, 2021 Jesus as a Healer: First, Do No Harm Douglas Wadeson October 21, 2021 Must Jesus Divide Families? Douglas Wadeson December 7, 2021 What We KNOW about Jesus. Dan Kohanski December 28, 2021 On Misreading The Gospels Joel Scheller

2025-07-16T17:38:13-04:00January 31st, 2022|Public Forum|

Reminder! Live Lectures Tomorrow (Sunday 1/30/2022)

In case you're interested: here is the post I made a while back about the course I'll be starting tomorrow. *********************** I am pleased to announce that I will be doing a six-lecture online (recorded) course called: “In the Beginning:  History, Legend and Myth in the Pentateuch.  Part 1.  The Book of Genesis.”   This will not be in connection with the blog per se, but there is an important connection worth noting for blog members (see below). The plan is to make this course the first installment of a rather long series of courses that I am calling, “How Scholars Read the Bible.”  (The next six-lecture course – no surprise! – will be the rest of the Pentateuch after Genesis).  Each lecture in this course, and the ones that follow, will be thirty minutes of length. We will later be announcing the release date of the course (it will probably in February).   But I want to let you know about it now, so that it can be on your radar screen.  And because there is [...]

2025-09-10T12:56:51-04:00January 29th, 2022|Public Forum|

An Old Interview on Fresh Air: How Jesus Became God

I was reminiscing of days gone by ("Things just ain't like they used to be.  And they never were.") and browsing through some old posts, and came upon this one.  It's an interview I rather enjoyed from 2014, on my then-new book How Jesus Became God.   Hope you like it too. How Jesus Became God As I have said before, every author who has done reasonably well selling trade books for a general audience knows that what drives sales is not the outstanding quality of a book -- lots of terrific books go nowhere in sales, and others that are truly lousy end up being bestsellers -- or in advertising. It's all about media attention. When it comes to radio, one of the very best, top-flight programs to land is Fresh Air with Terry Gross.  I don't know this for a fact, but someone has told me that the show has 4.5 million listeners.  That's a lot. Terry Gross and How Jesus Became God I have been on Terry Gross six times now, [...]

2025-09-10T12:56:38-04:00January 27th, 2022|Book Discussions, Public Forum|

Major Perspectives of Ancient Jewish (and Jesus’!) Apocalyptic Views

Jewish apocalypticism was a very common view in Jesus’ day – it was the view of the Essenes who wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls, of the Pharisees, of John the Baptist, later of the Apostle Paul – and almost certainly of Jesus.  I can demonstrate that in some later thread if it seems appropriate.  For now, let me just say that this is a widely held view among critical scholars – by far the majority view for over a century, since the writings of Albert Schweitzer, author of The Quest of the Historical Jesus  What did early Jewish apocalypticists believe?  Let me break it down into four component themes.  I have Join the blog and you can get five posts a week like this, giving information that can help you understand the New Testament and the historical Jesus!    Click here for membership options   drawn this discussion from my textbook on the New Testament.   Dualism Jewish apocalypticists were dualists.  That is to say, they maintained that there were two fundamental components to all [...]

2025-09-10T12:56:38-04:00January 26th, 2022|Public Forum|

Reminder! My Remote Book Event, This Thursday

Just a reminder in case you haven't signed up yet:  I'll be doing a book event Thursday evening (Jan 27).  Here's the announcement from last week.  I hope you can make it! ****************************** I am excited to announce a new and unusual fund raiser for the blog, to take place on Thursday January 27 at 7:30 pm EST.  For anyone who is willing to make a donation, I will be holding a discussion on: “What Book Should I Write Next?”   Those who come will be able to talk it over with me and give me their opinions. Here’s the deal.  I have all but finished my book on Revelation: Expecting Armageddon: What Revelation Really Reveals.  I have just a couple of mop-up exercises, then it’s off to the publisher.  And now I have to decide what to do next. This is the first time in my adult life, since 1983, that I did not have the next writing project lined up, in my head, ready to be started, after finishing the current one.  For some [...]

2025-09-10T12:56:50-04:00January 24th, 2022|Public Forum|

The Maccabean Revolt

In order to understand the difference between what the prophets of the Hebrew Bible proclaimed, and what came to be the views of apocalyptic Jews, I need to sketch a set of historical events that the people of Israel had to live through.  Without this kind of historical knowledge, you simply will not understand ancient Judaism at the time of Jesus.  That is to say, you really have to know what happened among ancient Jews in order to make sense of what their theological beliefs were, since these beliefs were molded by and informed by nothing so much as the historical context out of which they emerged. And so here is a very brief sketch of the history of Judea over the four hundred years from approximately 540 BCE, when the Persians were in control, up to 63 BCE, when the Romans came in and took over.  I’ve taken the sketch from my textbook, The Bible: A Historical and Literary Introduction. ****************************** The Later History of Judea In the Persian period (starting in the late [...]

2025-09-10T12:56:38-04:00January 23rd, 2022|Public Forum|

Special Live Event: What Book Should I Write Next?

I am excited to announce a new and unusual fund raiser for the blog, to take place on Thursday January 27 at 7:30 pm EST.  For anyone who is willing to make a donation, I will be holding a discussion on: “What Book Should I Write Next?”   Those who come will be able to talk it over with me and give me their opinions. Here’s the deal.  I have all but finished my book on Revelation: Expecting Armageddon: What Revelation Really Reveals.  I have just a couple of mop-up exercises, then it’s off to the publisher.  And now I have to decide what to do next. This is the first time in my adult life, since 1983, that I did not have the next writing project lined up, in my head, ready to be started, after finishing the current one.  For some time now, while in the throes of the last two books, I thought that I simply would stop now.  The past couple of years have been a bit hellacious for the ole' work [...]

2025-09-10T12:56:50-04:00January 18th, 2022|Public Forum|
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